美国对华科技投资审查机制演进及其悖论  

Evolution of the Review Mechanism of the U.S.Technology Investment in China and Its Paradox

作　　者：唐巧盈[1] 张心志 戴丽娜[1] Tang Qiaoying;Zhang Xinzhi;Dai Lina(Institute of Journalism,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences;School of Politics and International Relations,East China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院新闻研究所 [2]华东师范大学政治与国际关系学院

出　　处：《国际关系研究》2025年第1期57-76,M0004,M0005,共22页Journal of International Relations

摘　　要：构建对华科技投资审查机制缘于特朗普第一任政府时期,在拜登政府任内形成政策框架,是美国建立对华竞争新工具的重大转向。这一机制形成背后,既反映美国在泛国家安全导向下修补政策“漏洞”、建立新护栏的需要,亦体现了美国通过投资审查政治化来推进全球供应链重构的战略意图,还深受美国鹰派力量、智库机构、媒体舆论等综合叙事的影响。然而,受到安全成本过大、极化政治生态、规则复杂模糊、盟友内部矛盾等多重因素制约,美国开展对华科技投资审查将面临多重阻力,具体表现为安全逻辑与经济效率之间的悖论、行政与立法部门间的决策争议、政策实施的执行偏差,以及在国际协调中的利益分歧。同时,这一审查机制还会带来严重的负面效应,加剧中美之间科技投资关系的紧张态势,威胁全球产业链供应链安全稳定,进而对现行国际贸易与经济秩序产生重大影响。The establishment of a mechanism for reviewing China-related technology investment originated during the Trump's first term,and the policy framework was formed during the Biden administration.This is a major shift which the U.S.established a new tool for the competition against China.The formation of this mechanism not only reflects the need for the U.S.to patch"loopholes"in its policies and establish new guardrails under the orientation of pan-national security,but also demonstrates the strategic intention of promoting the restructuring of the global supply chains through the politicization of investment reviews.Additionally,it has been deeply influenced by the comprehensive narratives of hawkish forces,think tanks,media opinion within the U.S.However,due to multiple constraints such as excessive security costs,a polarized political ecology,complex and ambiguous rules,and internal conflicts within the alliance,the U.S.faces numerous obstacles in carrying out technology investment reviews of China.This is manifested in the paradox between security logic and economic efficiency,policy-making disputes between the executive and legislative branches,implementation deviations in policy implementation,and differences in interests in international coordination.At the same time,this review mechanism will also have serious negative effects,exacerbate the tense situation in the Sino-U.S.technological investment relationship,threaten the security and stability of the global industrial chain supply chain,and in turn have a significant impact on the current international trade and economic order.

关 键 词：中美关系 科技竞争 科技投资 对华投资审查 政策困境 

分 类 号：D822[政治法律—政治学]