外源赤霉素对盐碱胁迫下苹果砧木M26幼苗生理特性的影响  

Effect of exogenous gibberellin on physiological characteristics of apple rootstock M26 seedlings under salt-alkali stress

作　　者：翟婕陶 杨建华 缐旭林 丁亮 李彩龙 张仲兴 高彦龙 王延秀 ZHAI Jietao;YANG Jianhua;XIAN Xulin;DING Liang;LI Cailong;ZHANG Zhongxing;GAO Yanlong;WANG Yanxiu(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Tianshui City Maiji District Garden Construction Service Center,Tianshui 741020,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省天水市麦积区园林建设服务中心,甘肃天水741020

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2025年第1期167-180,共14页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960581)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明喷施外源赤霉素(GA_(3))对盐碱胁迫下苹果砧木M26幼苗的缓解机理,并筛选其最佳浓度。【方法】以7~8叶龄的苹果砧木M26自根砧为试验材料,采取盆栽法,设6个处理,即清水浇灌(CK_(1))、100 mmol/L NaCl+Na HCO_(3)(CK_(2))和100 mmol/L NaCl+Na HCO_(3)外加4种不同质量浓度的GA_(3)(50、100、150、200 mg/L)处理,分别设置为T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)和T_(4)。观察叶片表型和测定各项生理指标并结合相关性及主成分分析对结果进一步验证及解析。【结果】外源喷施100 mg/L GA_(3)可显著降低100 mmol/L NaCl+Na HCO_(3)(盐碱胁迫)下,M26苹果幼苗叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、钠离子(Na^(+))、相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(·-))、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量的升高幅度;显著提高叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、钾离子(K^(+))、净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量的下降幅度,其中以100 mg/L GA_(3)(T_(2))处理的效果最佳。胁迫至第15天时,T_(2)处理下Ci、REC、MDA、O_(2)^(·-)、H_(2)O_(2)分别比CK_(2)高31.23%、72.1%、71.79%、12.6%、32.79%;Chl a、Chl b、Chl(a+b)、P_(n)、Tr、Gs、SP比CK_(2)低17.73%、19.58%、18.52%、32.28%、18.3%、35.35%、27.05%【结论】喷施100 mg/L的赤霉素溶液能够改良M26幼苗的光合特性,增强植株渗透调节能力和抗氧化酶系统的防御能力,减少活性氧的富集,从而起到缓解盐碱胁迫的作用。【Objective】This study aimel to investigate the mechanism of exogenous gibberellin(GA_(3))mitigating the stress of salt and alkali to M26 apple rootstock seedlings,as well as to determine the optimal concentration.【Method】M26 self-rootstock seedlings with 7~8 leaves were used as the test materials.A potted method was employed,and six treatments were established.These included water irrigation(CK_(1)),100 mmol/L NaCl+NaHCO_(3)(CK_(2)),and 100 mmol/L NaCl+NaHCO_(3) combined with GA_(3) at concentrations of 50,100,150,and 200 mg/L,which were referred to as T_(1),T_(2),T_(3) and T_(4),respectively.Phenotypic observations and measurements of physiological indexes were conducted,and the results were further vali⁃dated and analyzed through correlation analysis and principal component analysis.【Result】Exogenous ap⁃plication of 100 mg/L GA_(3) significantly alleviated the stress induced by 100 mmol/L NaCl+NaHCO_(3).Un⁃der T_(2) treatment(100 mg/L GA_(3)),there was a significant decrecene in the intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i)),sodium ion(Na+),relative conductivity(REC),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide anion(O_(2)^(·-)),and in hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))content in M26 apple seedling leaves.Moreover,the contents of chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b),potassium ion(K^(+)),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductivity(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),and soluble protein(SP)were significantly reduced.At the 15th day of stress,Ci,REC,MDA,O_(2)^(·-),and H_(2)O_(2) were 31.23%,72.1%,71.79%,12.6%,and 32.79%higher,respectively,compared to CK_(2).Additionally,Chl a,Chl b,Chl(a+b),Pn,Tr,Gs,and SP were 17.73%,19.58%,18.52%,32.28%,18.3%,35.35%,and 27.05%lower than CK_(2).【Conclusion】Spraying 100 mg/L gibberellin solu⁃tion improved the photosynthetic characteristics of M26 seedlings,enhanced plant osmotic regulation ability and wherehy antioxidant enzyme system defense,reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species,and played a role in alleviating saline-alkali stress.

关 键 词：盐碱胁迫 M26苹果幼苗 GA_(3) 生理特性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]