复合微生物菌系的构建及对番茄防病促生效果评价  

Development of complex microbial strains and evaluation of tomato disease prevention and growth promotion effect

作　　者：马佳勇 李雪萍[1,2] 张振粉[1] 李建军[2] 许世洋 漆永红[2] 李敏权[2] MA Jiayong;LI Xueping;ZHANG Zhenfen;LI Jianjun;XU Shiyang;QI Yonghong;LI Minquan(Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2025年第1期193-203,共11页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目(2023GAAS22);国家自然科学基金项目(32060037)。

摘　　要：【目的】获得对番茄具有缓解盐碱胁迫、防治镰孢根腐病、促进生长作用的复合微生物菌剂。【方法】采用选择性培养基筛选具有固氮、解钾、溶有机磷和溶无机磷特性的优良促生菌;以番茄根腐病病原尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)和腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani)为靶标菌,采用平板对峙法筛选生防细菌;盆栽法测定防病促生效果;平板计数法测定土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量。【结果】本研究共筛选得到固氮菌11株、解钾菌5株、溶有机磷菌2株、溶无机磷菌4株、拮抗菌14株,耐盐碱菌株8株。综合评价8种优良复合菌系(A1~A8)的功能特性,最优复合菌系A8统计量(CI)为0.86。盆栽试验发现,复合菌系A8对番茄镰孢根腐病的防效为63%,并且与对照相比番茄株高增加了142%、茎粗增加了70%、鲜质量增加了87%;土壤pH下降了0.37、可溶性盐浓度下降了1.0 mS/cm、碱解氮增加了31 mg/kg、速效磷增加了28 mg/kg、速效钾增加了35 mg/kg、有机质增加了15 g/kg;土壤中细菌数量增加了1.12×10^(6) CFU/g、放线菌数量增加了0.96×10^(6) CFU/g、真菌数量下降了1.15×10^(5) CFU/g。【结论】复合菌系A8对番茄镰孢根腐病具有良好的防效,并可以提高土壤养分,改良土壤盐碱性,促进番茄生长。【Objective】The objective of this study was to develop a compound microbial agent capable of alleviating saline-alkali stress,preventing and controlling fusarium root rot,and enhancing tomato growth.【Method】A selective medium was utilized to isolate excellent growth-promoting bacteria with at⁃tributes such as nitrogen fixation,potassium solubilization,organophosphorus,and inorganic phosphorus solubilization.Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani,known pathogens causing tomato root rot,were se⁃lected as target bacteria using the plate confrontation method.The pot experiment method was employed to evaluate the impact of disease prevention and growth promotion.Soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes were quantified through plate counting.【Result】The study screened 11 strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria,5 strains of potassium solubilizing bacteria,2 strains of organic phosphorus solubilizing bacteria,4 strains of inorganic phosphorus solubilizing bacteria,14 strains of antagonistic bacteria,and 8 strains of saline-alkali resistant strains.The functional characteristics of eight excellent complex strains(A1~A8)were evaluated comprehensively,with the statistical value(CI)of the optimal complex strain A8 being 0.86.The pot experi⁃ment results showed that the compound strain A8 exhibited a 63%control effect on fusarium root rot in to⁃matoes.Additionally,compared to the control group,the plant height,stem diameter,and fresh weight of to⁃matoes increased by 142%,70%,and 87%,respectively.Furthermore,soil pH decreased by 0.37,soluble salt concentration decreased by 1.0 mS/cm,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 31 mg/kg,available phosphorus increased by 28 mg/kg,available potassium increased by 35 mg/kg,and organic matter in⁃creased by 15 g/kg.The bacterial count increased by 1.12×10^(6) CFU/g,the actinomycete count rose by 0.96×10^(6) CFU/g,and the fungal count decreased by 1.15×10^(5) CFU/g.【Conclusion】Compound strain A8 exhibited significant control over fusarium root rot in tomatoes,while a

关 键 词：根腐病 耐盐碱 生防菌 促生菌 镰孢菌 

分 类 号：S144.1[农业科学—肥料学]