先秦黥刑的施刑位置与形态考论  

A Study of the Concrete Position and Pattern of the Pre-Qin Tsingy

作　　者：鞠焕文[1] Ju Huanwen(Department of Literature,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin,130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学文学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《古代文明(中英文)》2025年第2期60-78,M0005,共20页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“商周金文照片资料库建设与相关问题研究”(项目批号:19BZS016)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：黥刑是中国古代五种肉刑之一,文献中多有记载,但因为它是一种常用刑,古书中常只记其刑名而不记其施刑精准部位和形态。本文利用传世文献、出土实物和古文字材料,对文献阙载的先秦时期黥刑施刑的精准部位和具体形态进行考察。其施刑的精确部位应该在眉间以直上和颧骨这两个主要部位,眉间以直上之黥刑形态比较清晰,商代为枣核形,西周至战国为楔形,施刑方法都应是自上而下进行凿刻。而颧部的黥刑形态作豆芽状,或倒或正。通过对黥刑的施刑深度、施刑部位选择的原因研究,可以判定,黥刑之所以选择在额头及颧骨上实施是由于其容易达于骨,从而可避免受刑人轻易将其铲除,进而实现耻辱刑的目的。Tsingy is one of the five types of corporal punishment in ancient China,which is widely recorded in literature.However,because it is a commonly used punishment,the tsingy is often recorded without mentioning the exact position and pattern to be made on the body of the recipient.Using historical documents,unearthed objects and ancient writing materials,this paper examines the exact place and shape of tsingy in the pre-Qin period.The brandings would be made on glabellum and cheekbones.The pattern on glabellum was in the shape of jujube seed in the Shang Dynasty and wedge-shaped from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States Period.While the method of execution should be chiseled from top down,the pattern on the cheekbones is supposed to be bean sprout-shaped,upside down or face down.Based on the research of the depth of tsingy and the position selection,it is concluded that the brandings were made on the forehead and cheekbones to avoid the recipient to remove them,so that the goal of humiliation punishment could be sustained.

关 键 词：先秦 五刑 刻痕 黥刑 三重证据法 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]