轮船招商局与晚清漕运经纪化:政商联盟如何驱动财政转型  

China Merchants Steam Navigation Company and Fiscal Brokerage in Tribute Grain System in the Late Qing Dynasty:How State-Merchant Alliances Transformed Fiscal System

作　　者：赵迪新 ZHAO Dixin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《社会学评论》2025年第2期232-256,共25页Sociological Review of China

摘　　要：国家与商业力量的联合是近代国家建设的重要面相,但政商联盟的组建对传统财政关系的影响尚未得到充分关注。本文从轮船招商局与清政府在漕运领域的密切合作入手,分析近代政商联盟对王朝国家的实物汲取产生的影响。研究发现,招商局是晚清漕运体系运作的关键平台,虽然其通过引入轮船运输技术提高了南方漕粮的北运效率,但省、局围绕地方漕粮办理的密切合作,也瓦解了中央政府对基层农业资源的直接控制能力。招商局的参与导致晚清实物财政运作的经纪化,官商之间的横向交易使中央统制的传统财政关系进一步趋向解体。明晰全国与地方不同层次的政商关系如何相互嵌合、协同运作,对于理解政商联盟的运作机制至关重要。The union of state and mercantile forces is an important facet of modern state building,but the impact of the formation of state-merchant alliances on the traditional fiscal relationship has not yet received much attention.Starting with the cooperation between the China Merchants Steam Navigation Company(CMSNC)and the Qing government within the tribute grain system,this paper investigates how modern state-merchant alliance affects state extraction in kind.The CMSNC constituted the critical platform for the effective operation of the tribute grain system in the Late Qing by incorporating steamship transportation,but the collusion between provincial authorities and the CMSNC eroded the direct control of the central government onto grassroots agricultural resources.The participation of the CMSNC implied a brokerage of fiscal operation in kind replacing the state domination in traditional fiscal relationships.This paper finds that the ways that national and local networks of state-merchant relations nested and operated together were crucial to understanding the operational mechanism of modern state-merchant alliances.

关 键 词：轮船招商局 漕运 政商联盟 国家取 财政转型 

分 类 号：F81[经济管理—财政学]