兰州地区献血人群人细小病毒B19感染状况调查和基因型分析  

Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Parvovirus B19 among Blood Donors in Lanzhou

作　　者：吴康乐[1] 王玮蓉 杨树龙[1] 冯惟萍[1] 潘登[1] 郭逸[2] 张支凤 WU Kangle;WANG Weirong;YANG Shulong;FENG Weiping;PAN Deng;GUO Yi;ZHANG Zhifeng(Gansu Red Cross Blood Center,Lanzhou 730046,China;Shaanxi Blood Center,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省红十字血液中心,兰州730046 [2]陕西省血液中心,西安710061

出　　处：《现代检验医学杂志》2025年第2期59-63,共5页Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省卫生健康行业科研计划项目(GSWSKY2020-26)。

摘　　要：目的调查兰州地区献血人群中人细小病毒B19(B19)的感染状况并分析其基因型特征,为指导制定献血人群B19筛查策略提供依据。方法通过实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR)对2023年4~10月兰州地区5722例献血者样本进行B19 DNA筛查,同步酶联免疫法筛查B19 IgG和B19 IgM抗体383份,对B19 DNA阳性样本进行病毒载量测定和VP1序列测序,运用N-J法构建进化树。结果兰州地区B19 DNA,IgG抗体和IgM抗体的阳性率分别为0.47%(27/5722),25.59%(98/383)和0.26%(1/383),三者均呈阳性的样本占0.26%(1/383),仅B19 DNA阳性占0.52%(2/383),IgG抗体阳性占19.06%(73/383),二者均阳性占6.27%(24/383);病毒载量为4.24 IU/ml~5.67×10^(2) IU/ml,且所有样本均低于104 IU/ml。B19 DNA阳性率在性别方面差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.86,P=0.35),而在年龄组方面差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.00,P=0.02);B19 IgG抗体阳性率在性别方面差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.03,P=0.02),而在年龄组方面差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.51,P=0.77);B19 IgM抗体阳性率在性别方面差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.84,P=0.09)。以VP1序列构建系统进化树并分析表明,兰州地区的B19毒株形成了一个独立的支系,属于基因型1,且以基因型1b为主。结论兰州地区献血人群B19 DNA和IgM抗体阳性率低,病毒载量亦较低,输血感染B19的风险较小。而B19 IgG抗体阳性率较高,建议密切关注该地区B19感染情况,定期监测献血人群B19感染率,并追踪B19 DNA阳性献血者至受血者的情况,保障临床输血安全。Objective To examine the serological and molecular prevalence as well as genotype characteristics of human Parvovirus B19 blood donors in Lanzhou,and to provide evidence for developing a screening strategy to reduce the risk of blood transfusion transmission.Methods A total of 5722 blood samples collected from Lanzhou blood donors from April 2023 to October 2023 were tested for B19 DNA using real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR).Additionally,383 samples were screened for anti-B19 IgG and anti-B19 IgM using synchronous enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA).Viral load and VP1 sequencing were conducted on the B19 DNA-positive samples and the Neighbor-Joining(N-J)method was used to construct an evolutionary tree for the sequenced samples.Results The prevalence of human Parvovirus B19 DNA,IgG antibody and IgM antibody was 0.47%(27/5722),25.59%(98/383)and 0.26%(1/383),respectively,and the samples positive for B19 DNA,IgG antibody and IgM antibody were 0.26%(1/383).The co-positivity rate for B19 DNA and IgG antibody was 6.27%(24/383),while the positivity rates for B19 DNA or IgG antibody alone were 0.52%(2/383)and 19.06%(73/383),respectively.Viral loads ranged from 4.24 IU/ml to 5.67×10^(2) IU/ml,all below 104 IU/ml.There was no statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 DNA in gender(χ^(2)=0.86,P=0.35),but there was statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 DNA among all age groups(χ^(2)=8.00,P=0.02).The highest positive rate of B19 DNA was 0.65% in the 18~30 age group.There was statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 IgG antibody in gender(χ^(2)=5.03,P=0.02),but there was no statistical significance in the positive rate of B19 IgG antibody among all age groups(χ^(2)=0.51,P=0.77).The highest positive rate of B19 IgG antibody was 29.09% in the age group of 41 to 60.There was no significant difference in the positive rate of B19 IgM antibody in gender(χ^(2)=2.84,P=0.09).The highest positive rate of B19 IgM was 3.85%in the age group of 18~30 years old.Based on the VP1 sequence,the phylogen

关 键 词：献血人群 人细小病毒B19 基因型 兰州地区 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学] Q786[医药卫生—基础医学]