东晋南朝舞蹈因革及表演形态疏论  

Evolution and Performance Forms of Dance in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties

作　　者：齐鹏 QI Peng(School of Music,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学音乐学院,北京100048

出　　处：《北京舞蹈学院学报》2024年第6期117-124,共8页Journal of Beijing Dance Academy

摘　　要：东晋南朝舞蹈因革历程跌宕绵延,这一时期的雅舞重建与杂舞勃兴,对中原舞蹈文化的传承和衍续具有重大历史意义。文章对舞蹈源流、属性、功能等问题予以系统论述,进而在中原旧曲“新声化”背景下重新审视东晋南朝舞蹈表演形态的演进趋势。“雅舞趋俗,俗舞近雅”现象发于汉魏,兴于南朝。刘宋杂舞合之钟石,萧梁“三朝乐”更是融以杂舞、胡舞、散乐,南朝四代乐舞递嬗将“援俗入雅”逐步推向一个崭新的高度。与此同时,东晋南朝俗舞表演形态逐步确立,并与综合性大曲表演形态双峰并峙。门阀士族及其蓄养的家伎共同构成了颇具这一时期文化特色的舞体,成为剖释杂舞生态及审美特征的关键要素。晋室衣冠南渡,中国史上华夏政权首次被迫南迁,偏安江左的中华乐舞文脉依然赓续不辍,展现出惊人的适应性和顽强的生命力。The evolution of dance during the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties was characterized by both continuity and transformation.The reconstruction of refined ritual dances and the flourishing of miscellaneous dances during this period played a crucial role in preserving and developing the dance culture of Central Plains.This paper systematically examines the origins,attributes,and functions of these dances,and re-evaluating the evolution trends of performance forms against the backdrop of the“new transformation of ancient melodies”during the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties.The phenomenon of“refined dances becoming secular,while secular dances approaching refinement”initially occurred in the Han and Wei Dynasties,and flourished in the Southern Dynasties.The miscellaneous dances were even performed alongside refined musical instruments in the Liu Song Dynasty,while the courtly Yuan Hui of the Liang Dynasty incorporated miscellaneous dances,foreign dances and San Yue.The music and dance transformation across the four dynasties of the Southern Dynasties further advanced the phenomenon of“introducing popularity into refinement”to new heights.Meanwhile,the performance forms of secular dances gradually took shape,alongside the comprehensive performance forms of Daqu.The aristocratic families and their household performers formed dance communities with distinct cultural characteristics of the era,serving as key elements in unraveling the ecology and aesthetic features of miscellaneous dances during this period.Although the southward migration of the Jin Court marked the first forced relocation of a Central Plains political regime in Chinese history,the cultural lineage of Chinese music and dance continued unabated on the left bank of the Yangtze River,demonstrating remarkable adaptability and resilience.

关 键 词：东晋南朝 郊庙雅舞 清商乐舞 俗舞 士族 家伎 

分 类 号：J709[艺术—舞蹈]