《宋泰始歌舞曲词》的舞蹈性质和舞乐体制  

Dance Attribute and Musical System of Song and Dance Lyrics in the Taishi Reign of the Song Dynasty

作　　者：李骜[1] LI Ao(Xiangyang Research Institute on History and Culture,Hubei University of Arts and Science,Xiangyang 441053,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北文理学院襄阳历史文化研究院,襄阳441053

出　　处：《北京舞蹈学院学报》2024年第6期125-131,共7页Journal of Beijing Dance Academy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“《乐府诗集》整理与补编”(项目编号13&ZD110)子课题成果。

摘　　要：《宋泰始歌舞曲词》十二首,有四首未标注作者姓名,其歌辞多处与宋孝武帝之行事相合。又据《宋书·乐志一》“孝武大明中,以《鞞》《拂》杂舞合之钟石,施于殿庭”和“大明中,即以宫县合和《鞞》《拂》”,可证这四首即是孝武帝大明中所作鞞舞拂舞歌辞的孑遗。泰始中,“宋明帝自改舞曲歌词,并诏近臣虞和并作”是在大明旧词基础上的二次创作。据晋、宋舞歌辞的对应关系和相关记载,可知《皇业颂》《圣祖颂》《明君大雅》《通国风》四首为鞞舞歌辞,《天符颂》《明德颂》《帝图颂》《龙跃大雅》《淮祥风》五首为拂舞歌辞,《宋世大雅》为杯盘舞歌辞,《治兵大雅》为巾舞歌辞,《白纻篇大雅》为白纻舞歌辞。其中,《白纻舞大雅》既是《治兵大雅》的送声,又是独立的尾曲。《宋泰始歌舞曲词》是由多支不同曲子构成、具有独立尾曲和固定宫调的大型舞蹈套曲,在音乐体制上开后世燕乐套曲之先河。There are twelve pieces in Song and Dance Lyrics in the Taishi Reign of the Song Dynasty,four of which four do not bear the names of their authors,and many of their lyrics align with the deeds of Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty.According to the Chronicles of the Song Dynasty:Monograph on MusicⅠ,“in the Daming Reign of Emperor Xiaowu,the bell stone of the various dances such as the pi-drum dance and the fu dance were played with chime bells and stone chimes in imperial courts”and“in the Daming Reign,gongxuan(four groups of chime bells or stone chimes)was usedfor the pi-drum dance and the fu dance”,which confirms that these four pieces are the remnants of the pi-drum dance and the fu dance lyrics composed in the Daming Reign.In the Taishi reign,“Emperor Ming of the Song Dynasty revised the lyrics of dance songs and ordered his close official Yu He to co-write them”,making a secondary creation based on the old lyrics of the Daming reign.According to the corresponding relationship between the dance lyrics of the Jin and Song Dynasties and other related records,it can be proved that the four pieces of“Huangye Ode”,“Shengzu Ode”,“Mingjun Daya”,and“Tongguo Feng”are the pi-drum dance lyrics,the five songs of“Tianfu Ode”,“Mingde Ode”,“Ditu Ode”,“Longyue Daya”,and“Huaixiang Feng”are the fu dance lyrics,“Songshi Daya”is the cup-and-plate dance lyrics,“Zhibing Daya”is the scarf dance lyrics,and“Baizhupian Daya”is the white cloth dance lyrics.Among these,“Baizhupian Daya”is not only the concluding piece of“Zhibing Daya”,but also an independent epilog song.Song and Dance Lyrics in the Taishi Reign of the Song Dynasty is a large-scale dance divertimento composed of various tunes,featuring an independent epilog song and a fixed mode,setting a precedent for the later Yan-music divertimento in the music system.

关 键 词：《宋泰始歌舞曲词》 舞蹈性质 音乐体制 套曲 

分 类 号：J709[艺术—舞蹈]