黄河源区水土保持生态需水及驱动因素研究  

Study on ecological water demand and driving factors of soil and water conservation in the source area of the Yellow River

作　　者：田嘉为 杨颖 张小燕 周诗鹏 黄晖 秦碧玉 卢素锦 TIAN Jiawei;YANG Ying;ZHANG Xiaoyan;ZHOU Shipeng;HUANG Hui;QIN Biyu;LU Sujin(School of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学生态环境工程学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《云南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期295-308,共14页Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：青海省科技厅国际合作项目(2023-HZ-802)。

摘　　要：为给黄河源区生态需水、供水和生态可持续性发展提供依据,以黄河源区1990—2020年水土流失面积、年蒸发量和年均气温等数据,运用小流域对比法计算水土保持生态需水量,运用主成分分析法分析水土保持生态需水的驱动因素.结果表明,2005—2020年黄河源区土壤侵蚀导致的水土流失面积呈现减少趋势,源区2020年水土流失面积较2005年减少了43.58%;1990—2020年黄河源区水土保持生态需水增加了2.6×10^(6)m^(3);主成分分析中特征值大于1因子的贡献率分别为75.689%、11.783%和7.767%,累计贡献率达到95.239%;社会经济发展为源区总生态需水变化的主要驱动力.The study is intended to provide a basis for the ecological water demand,water supply andecological sustainable development in the source area of the Yellow River,therefore,the ecological water demandof soil and water conservation is calculated by small watershed comparison method,and the driving factors ofecological water demand are analyzed by principal component analysis method,based on the data of soil and waterloss area,annual evaporation and average annual temperature in the source area of the Yellow River from 1990 to2020.The results show that the area of soil and water loss caused by soil erosion in the source region of the Yellow River showed a decreasing trend from 2005 to 2020,and the area of soil and water loss in 2020 declined by43.58%compared with that in 2005.From 1990 to 2020,the ecological water demand for soil and waterconservation in the source area of the Yellow River increased by 2.6×10^(6)m^(3);in the principal component analysis,the contribution rates of factor with eigenvalue greater than 1 were respectively 75.689%,11.783%and 7.767%;and the cumulative contribution rate reached 95.239%.To sum up,social and economic development is the maindriving force of the total ecological water demand change in the source area.

关 键 词：生态需水 黄河源区 水土流失 小流域 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学]