手术机器人医疗事故侵权责任研究  

On Tort Liability for Medical Accidents Caused by Surgical Robots

作　　者：夏瑶 Xia Yao(People's Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学,北京100038

出　　处：《贵州警察学院学报》2025年第2期58-65,共8页Journal of Guizhou Police College

摘　　要：手术机器人所呈现的自主学习性、独立性和交互性等发展趋势,使得其逐渐独立于医疗机构或医生,甚至对后者可能产生反向影响,引发法律责任问题。对于手术机器人造成的医疗事故,单独地划归于医疗损害责任或产品责任无法契合其特征和发展趋势,而简单以人工智能等级进行的划分责任类型,亦割裂了手术机器人与医生之间的交互关系。对此,应确定医疗机构与手术机器人之间的连带关系,在规则适用上注重不同主体在过错认定、危险控制等方面的特征。未来,规范手术机器人医疗事故侵权责任,应确定单独的侵权责任规则体系,并设置第三方赔偿制度以提供有效法律支撑。With the advancement of their autonomous learning capabilities,operational independence,and interactive functionalities,surgical robots are becoming increasingly independent of medical institutions or doctors and may even exert a reverse influence on the latter,resulting in issues of legal liability.Regarding medical accidents caused by surgical robots,the classification of the liability as either medical malpractice liability or product liability fails to fit its characteristics and development trends,while the simplistic categorization of the types of liability based on artificial intelligence levels severs the interactive relationship between surgical robots and doctors.To address these issues,it is imperative to determine the joint liability relationship between medical institutions and surgical robots,with particular emphasis on the characteristics of different subjects in fault determination and risk control during the application of rules.In the future,to regulate the tort liability for medical accidents caused by surgical robots,a separate system of tort liability rules should be established,and a third-party compensation system should be set up to provide effective legal support.

关 键 词：手术机器人 人工智能 法律地位 产品责任 医疗事故责任 

分 类 号：TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] D923[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]