放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原优势种群和物种多样性的影响  

Effects of grazing intensity on dominant populations and species diversity in a Stipa breviflora desert steppe

作　　者：王梓晗 吕世杰[1] 杨溢文 闫宝龙 王忠武[1] 刘红梅[2] WANG Zihan;LYU Shijie;YANG Yiwen;YAN Baolong;WANG Zhongwu;LIU Hongmei(College of Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China;Grassland Institute of Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China;College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草业学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《草业科学》2025年第3期591-600,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260352);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS03042);林业科研能力提升项目(104004002);内蒙古农业大学学科交叉基金项目(BR22-14-04);内蒙古重大科技专项(2021ZD0044);国家自然科学基金项目(31760143)。

摘　　要：短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)荒漠草原植物群落稳定性受到优势种和物种多样性的共同调控,但优势种和物种多样性之间的相关关系尚不明确。为探讨放牧强度对优势种群和物种多样性及其相互关系的影响,以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特右旗短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,采用不放牧对照(CK)、中度放牧(MG)和重度放牧(HG)3个处理进行单因素随机区组试验设计,结合对比分析和优势分析方法,探究优势种群重要值和物种多样性之间的关系。结果表明:各优势种群重要值和物种多样性指数在不同放牧强度下未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。在短花针茅荒漠草原上,基于绝对数量关系,丰富度指数和多样性指数对放牧强度响应较为敏感,基于相对数量关系和综合数量关系,优势度指数多样性指数在MG处理区下变化幅度较大,均匀度指数在HG处理区变化幅度较大。在不同处理区内,优势种群优势排序不因数量关系的相对与绝对发生变化,而物种多样性的优势排序则受相对与绝对数量关系的影响较大。研究结果表明,伴随放牧强度增大,植物群落优势种群与各物种多样性指数可以通过调整其关联强度来适应放牧强度的影响。In thus study,we sought to determine the effects of grazing intensity on the dominant populations,species diversity,and their interrelationships in Stipa breviflora desert steppe of Sunite Right Banner,Xilin Gol League,Inner Mongolia.Using a single-factor randomized block design,we assessed the effects of three experimental grazing treatments,namely,no grazing(as a control),moderate grazing,and heavy grazing,which were assessed using a combination of comparative and advantage analyses.The results revealed that there were no significant differences in the importance value of the different dominant populations and species diversity indices in different intensity treatment(P>0.05).On the basis of the absolute quantitative relationship,the richness and diversity indices in the S.breviflora desert steppe were found to be particularly sensitive to grazing intensity,whereas on the basis of the relative and comprehensive quantitative relationships,we detected considerable changes in diversity and dominance indices in response to moderate grazing,and a pronounced change in the evenness index to heavy grazing.In terms of the relative and absolute quantitative relationships,we detected no significant changes in the dominance order of dominant populations in response to different grazing treatments,whereas in contrast,the dominance order of species diversity was considerably affected by these relationships.These findings indicate that the dominant populations and species diversity indices of desert steppe plant communities can adapt to the influence of grazing intensity by adjusting their correlation intensity.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 放牧强度 优势种群 物种多样性 优势分析 重要值 关联度 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]