内蒙古黄河灌区麦后复种油菜绿肥不同耕作模式下的适宜播种量  

Suitable sowing rate of green manure for replanting oilseed rape under different tillage patterns after wheat in the Yellow River tank farm area of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：刘陈 王伟妮 廖世鹏[1] 任涛[1] 郭晨 许源源 于道海 刘俊梅 张豪强 孙霞 鲁剑巍[1] LIU Chen;WANG Weini;LIAO Shipeng;REN Tao;GUO Chen;XU Yuanyuan;YU Daohai;LIU Junmei;ZHANG Haoqiang;SUN Xia;LU Jianwei(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Ordos Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center,Ordos 017010,Inner Mongolia,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010 [3]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《草业科学》2025年第3期709-718,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：鄂尔多斯市“揭榜挂帅”项目“沿黄河流域农田污染防治与资源高效利用关键技术研究与示范”(JBGS-2021-001);财政部和农业农村部项目“国家现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：为进一步明确麦后复种油菜(Brassica napus)绿肥适宜耕作方式和播种量参数,在内蒙古达拉特旗开展田间试验,在3种耕作模式(秸秆移走翻耕、秸秆还田翻耕和秸秆移走免耕)下设置了7个油菜绿肥播种量梯度(7.50、11.25、15.00、18.75、22.50、26.25和30.00 kg·hm^(-2)),以油菜绿肥生物量和养分积累量为依据研究适宜的播种量。结果表明,秸秆还田翻耕耕作模式下各播种量的平均干物质生物量达8.92 t·hm^(-2),较秸秆移走翻耕和秸秆移走免耕模式分别显著增加26.5%和16.4%(P<0.01)。播种量显著影响油菜绿肥的生物量和养分积累量(P<0.01),且在3种模式下表现为相似趋势。当播种量在7.50~26.25 kg·hm^(-2)时,油菜绿肥生物量随着播种量的增加而提高;在播种量达到26.25 kg·hm^(-2)时所有模式的油菜绿肥生物量均在7 t·hm^(-2)以上;当播种量高于26.25 kg·hm^(-2),油菜生物量无显著差异(P>0.05)。油菜绿肥碳、氮、磷和钾养分累积量随播种量的变化趋势与生物量基本一致。3种耕作模式的适宜播种量略有不同,根据油菜绿肥理论获得的最大生物量、养分归还量与播种量的拟合方程计算,翻耕模式(秸秆移走翻耕和秸秆还田翻耕)适宜播种量为24.39~28.36 kg·hm^(-2),而秸秆移走免耕模式可以增加20%左右播种量,适宜播种量为30.03~37.84 kg·hm^(-2)。To further clarify the suitable tillage patterns and sowing quantity parameters of rape green manure for multiple cropping after wheat,a field experiment was conducted in Dalad Banner,Inner Mongolia.Seven sowing quantity gradients(7.50,11.25,15.00,18.75,22.50,26.25,and 30.00 kg·ha^(-1))were set under three tillage patterns(straw removal tillage,straw returning tillage,and straw removal no-tillage).The suitable sowing rate was studied based on the biomass and nutrient accumulation of rape green manure.Results showed that the average dry matter accumulation of each sowing amount under the straw returning tillage planting mode reached 8.92 t·ha^(-1),which significantly increased by 26.5%and 16.4%compared to the straw removal tillage and straw removal no tillage modes,respectively(P<0.01).The sowing amount significantly affects the biomass and nutrient accumulation of rapeseed green manure(P<0.01)and shows similar trends in the three modes.When the sowing amount ranges from 7.50 to 26.25 kg·ha^(-1),the biomass of rapeseed green manure increases with the increase of sowing amount.At 26.25 kg·ha^(-1),the biomass of rapeseed green manure in all modes can reach 7 t·ha^(-1) or above.When the sowing rate exceeds 26.25 kg·ha^(-1),there is no significant difference in the biomass of rapeseed.The trend of the accumulation of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrients in rapeseed green manure with the change of sowing amount is consistent with the biomass.The specific suitable sowing amounts for the three planting modes are slightly different.According to the fitting equation between the maximum biomass,nutrient return,and sowing amount obtained from the theory of rapeseed green manure,the suitable sowing amount range for the tillage mode(wheat straw removal and return)is 24.39~28.36 kg·ha^(-1).In contrast,the straw removal no tillage mode can increase the sowing amount by approximately 20%,with a suitable sowing amount range of 30.03 to 37.84 kg·ha^(-1).

关 键 词：沿黄灌区 麦后复种 油菜绿肥 播种量 生物量 养分积累量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]