盐碱地苜蓿饲料特性及在牛羊饲粮中的应用  

Characteristics of alfalfa grown in saline-alkali land and its utilization in the diet of ruminants

作　　者：哈丽代·热合木江 王加亭[2] 郭江鹏 屠焰[1] Halidai·Rehemujiang;WANG Jiating;GUO Jiangpeng;TU Yan(Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081,China;National Animal Husbandry Station,Beijing 100125,China;Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry,Beijing 100107,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京100081 [2]全国畜牧总站,北京100125 [3]北京市畜牧总站,北京100107

出　　处：《草业科学》2025年第3期795-810,共16页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：巴彦淖尔国家农业高新技术产业示范区项目(NMKJXM202307-03)。

摘　　要：紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)具有抗逆性强、适应性较广的特点,在盐碱化土地生产饲草中发挥着重要作用。本研究综述了近年来在盐碱地种植较普遍的19个苜蓿品种的饲料特性及在牛羊饲粮中的应用情况,旨在为盐碱地苜蓿种植提供参考。分析显示,品种‘WL343HQ’的越冬率最高,为98.20%,‘三得利’最低,为57.67%;‘金皇后’和‘草原2号’返青后的株高最高,分别为71.41和71.12 cm,而‘草原3号’最低,为57.50 cm;‘草原2号’干草产量最高,为12.94 t·hm^(-2),‘驯鹿’产量最低,仅为7.35 t·hm^(-2);‘苜蓿王’的粗蛋白含量最高,为24.25%;‘驯鹿’的粗脂肪含量最高,为6.40%;中性洗涤纤维含量≤40%的品种有‘54V09’‘阿迪娜’‘傲寒’‘苜蓿王’‘中苜1号’,其中‘傲寒’的中性洗涤纤维和粗灰分含量最高,分别为39.09%和6.47%;各品种钙含量在1.63%~2.38%,其中‘草原3号’最高;总磷含量在0.17%~0.70%,‘驯鹿’最高。随着饲粮中苜蓿比例的增加,对畜禽生长具有促进作用,饲粮中盐碱地苜蓿完全可以替代普通苜蓿,效果与普通苜蓿类似。综上可初步得出,‘草原2号’和‘WL343HQ’两个品种表现较为突出,拥有良好的综合性状,适宜在盐碱地种植,且饲用效果较好。Medicago sativa has strong stress resistance and wide adaptability and plays an important role in the production of forage in salinized land.To provide a reference for the planting and widespread utilization of alfalfa in saline-alkali lands,this study reviewed the planting experiments of 19 alfalfa varieties in saline-alkali lands.The results showed that‘WL343HQ’had the highest over-wintering rate(98.20%),whereas‘Sandeli’had the lowest(57.67%).The tallest plants were‘Alfaqueen’(71.41 cm)and‘Caoyuan No.2’(71.12 cm),while the shortest was‘Caoyuan No.3’(57.50 cm).The highest hay yield was observed for‘Caoyuan No.2’(12.94 t·ha^(-1)),while‘Reindeer’achieved the lowest(7.35 t·ha^(-1)).‘Alfaking’exhibited the highest crude protein content,at 24.25%,while Reindeer exhibited the highest crude fat content,at 6.40%.The varieties with neutral detergent fiber content≤40%were‘54V09’‘Adrenalin’‘Aoghan’‘Alfalfa’‘King’,and‘Zhongmu No.1’with‘Aoghan’exhibiting the highest neutral detergent fiber and ash contents,at 39.09%and 6.47%,respectively.The calcium content of all varieties ranged from 1.63%to 2.38%,with‘Caoyuan No.3’exhibiting the highest content.The total phosphorus content ranged from 0.17%to 0.70%,with‘Reindeer’exhibiting the highest content.The results showed that an increase in the proportion of alfalfa in the diet can promote the growth of livestock and poultry.In addition,replacing ordinary alfalfa on the diet with saline-alkali alfalfa can achieve similar effects.In summary,among the tested varieties,it was preliminarily concluded that‘Caoyuan No.2’and‘WL343HQ’exhibited outstanding performance and had good traits,making them suitable for planting in saline-alkali land.

关 键 词：盐碱地 苜蓿 生长特性 营养价值 饲喂效果 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]