行为转变理论口腔健康教育方案在5~6岁儿童中的应用效果  

Application effect of oral health management program based on behavior change wheel theory for children aged 5-6 years

作　　者：袁梦 张欣 段小燕[2] YUAN Meng;ZHANG Xin;DUAN Xiaoyan(Department of Nursing,Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing(400016),China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属口腔医院护理部,重庆400016 [2]重庆医科大学附属口腔医院医务科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2025年第2期210-214,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的 验证基于行为转变(BCW)理论构建的儿童口腔健康教育方案的应用效果,为提高儿童口腔自我管理意识、养成健康的口腔行为习惯提供参考。方法 2023年9月—2024年3月,采用方便抽样方法选取重庆市渝北区2所幼儿园共120名5~6岁儿童,按学校分为试验组和对照组(各60名)。试验组儿童在常规口腔健康教育的基础上实施基于BCW理论的口腔健康教育方案(促进健康意识、培养健康行为能力、强化意识与能力、提供机会),对照组儿童给予常规口腔健康教育;分别于干预前及干预后3个月收集研究对象资料。使用Mann-Whitney U检验、χ^(2)检验进行组间比较。结果 干预前,试验组和对照组菌斑指数[2.00(1.00,2.00),2.00(1.00,2.00)]、充填牙数[0.00(0.00,1.00),0.00(0.00,1.00)]差异均无统计学意义(Z值分别为-0.88,-0.42,P值均>0.05);干预后,试验组菌斑指数[1.00(0.00,1.00)]低于对照组[1.00(0.25,2.00)]和干预前,试验组充填牙数[1.00(0.00,2.00)]高于对照组[1.00(0.00,1.00)]和干预前,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-3.14,-5.48;-2.08,-3.02,P值均<0.05)。干预前,两组儿童的口腔健康行为报告率和口腔健康知识掌握率差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为0.30~0.91,0.15~1.43,P值均>0.05);干预后,试验组健康刷牙(方法、次数、时长)、预防行为(使用含氟牙膏、有进行窝沟封闭预防和涂氟预防)报告率均优于对照组和干预前,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为4.88~9.38,9.13~22.63,P值均<0.05);试验组口腔健康知识掌握率均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.62~8.54,P值均<0.05)。结论 基于BCW理论的口腔健康教育方案更有利于改善儿童口腔卫生状况,提升儿童口腔基础知识以及促进其口腔健康行为的养成。Objective To evaluate the application effect of oral health management program based on behavior change wheel(BCW)theory,so as to provide a reference for improving children's awareness of oral self-management and the development of healthy oral behaviors.Methods A total of 120 children aged 5-6 from 2 kindergartens in Yubei District in Chongqing City,selected by convenience sampling method from September 2023 to March 2024,were divided into a experimental group and a control group(60 each).Children in the experimental group were given an oral health education programme based on BCW theory(promoted health awareness,cultivated healthy behavior ability,strengthened awareness and ability,and provided opportunitiess)on the basis of conventional oral health education,and children in the control group were given conventional oral health education;data were collected before and 3 months after the intervention,respectively.Comparisons between groups were made using the Mann-Whitney U test andχ^(2) test.Results Before intervention,there were no significant differences in plaque index[2.00(1.00,2.00),2.00(1.00,2.00)]and the number of filled teeth[0.00(0.00,1.00),0.00(0.00,1.00)]between the experimental group and the control group(Z=-0.88,-0.42,P>0.05).After intervention,the plaque index of the experimental group[1.00(0.00,1.00)]was lower than that of the control group[1.00(0.25,2.00)]and before intervention,and the number of filling teeth in the experimental group[1.00(0.00,2.00)]was higher than that of the control group[1.00(0.00,1.00)]and before intervention,the differences were statistically significant(Z=-3.14,-5.48;-2.08,-3.02,P<0.05).Before intervention,there were no significant differences in oral health behavior report rate and oral health knowledge mastery rate between the two groups(χ^(2)=0.30-0.91,0.15-1.43,P>0.05).After intervention,the report rates of health tooth brushing(method,frequency and duration)and preventive behavior(using fluoride toothpaste,pit and fissure sealing prevention and fluoride applicatio

关 键 词：行为 口腔保健 干预性研究 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R788[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R181.37