吐鲁番阿斯塔那晋唐墓地陪葬品中的“五谷”研究  

Studies on the"Five Cereals"Discovered in the Astana Cemetery(Jin to Tang Dynasties)in Ancient Turpan of Xinjiang,China

作　　者：蒋洪恩 JIANG Hongen(School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国农史》2025年第1期64-78,共15页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新疆吐鲁番三至十三世纪期间的植物利用与文化交流研究”(22BKG041)。

摘　　要：历史时期,我国先民通常用“五谷”作为陪葬品。作为我国版图的一部分,晋唐时期的吐鲁番深受内地文化影响。吐鲁番先民用于陪葬的“五谷”都有哪几种?又以何种形式出现在墓葬中?上述问题还未得到充分研究。本文以吐鲁番阿斯塔那晋唐墓地出土的谷物遗存为基础,结合出土文书,尤其是随葬“衣物疏”中所提到的谷物,探讨了该时段先民的五谷选择。研究发现,除常规的粟、黍、麦、豆、麻外,阿斯塔那墓地尚出土了水稻、芝麻等谷物。除此之外,本文还对吐鲁番出土衣物疏中的“燋五谷”“熬谷”等进行了考证。In the historical periods,the so-called“five cereals”were usually placed in tombs as funeral objects.As a part of the territory of ancient China during the Jin to Tang dynasties,this rule was strictly followed by the ancient Turpan people.In the present paper,the“five cereals”(五谷)were classified based on ancient literatures and excavated documents.Several potteries were excavated with the written scripts of the cereal names,which were classified accordingly in this paper.Furthermore,sacks and potteries with different kinds of cereals were also discovered,which were identified scientifically.At last,the“Yiwushu”(衣物疏)texts discovered in Turpan were discussed,and the so called“jiao wugu”(燋五谷)as well as“ao gu”(熬谷)were discussed in detail at the end of the paper.

关 键 词：晋唐时期 吐鲁番出土文献 五谷 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]