宋元时期徽州宗族义庄与义庄规约研究——以休宁下东金氏为中心  

A Study on the Charitable Estate and its Regulations of Huizhou Clan in Song and Yuan Dynasties:Centered on Jin Clan in Xiadong of Xiuning

作　　者：陈瑞[1] 陶梦吟 CHEN Rui;TAO Mengyin(Center for Hui Studies,Anhui University,Hefei 230039)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学徽学研究中心,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《中国农史》2025年第1期103-119,共17页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明清徽州县域治理研究”(21BZS018)。

摘　　要：南宋时期,休宁下东金氏以科举仕宦闻名,是典型的科举仕宦型宗族。入元后,随着科举、恩荫等政策和制度红利的消失,下东金氏急剧转型为庶民型宗族。为应对族内贫富分化严重、贫困族人日增的客观形势,南宋下东金氏官僚士大夫主动捐出俸赐设立宗族义庄,以济贫赡族、整合宗族。宋元时期,下东金氏义庄管理实行提纲—掌事—管年自上而下的科层式管理方式,在提纲之上有族长扮演义庄管理顾问和重大事务决策人的角色。为有效管理与运作义庄,下东金氏制订了义庄规约并予以多次修订。义庄规约是族规的一种特定表现形式和类型。义庄规约的制订与不断修订是下东金氏义庄管理的一个突出特点。通过对下东金氏义庄规约的研究,有助于管窥宋元时期徽州乃至江南地区宗族义庄管理与运作的实态。In the Southern Song Dynasty,the Jin clan in Xiadong of Xiuning was famous for its imperial officials,and was a typical imperial official clan.After entering the Yuan Dynasty,with the disappearance of the policies and institutional dividends such as imperial examinations and patronage,it transformed into a common people clan rapidly.In order to coped with the objective situation of serious disparity between the rich and the poor and the increasing number of poor people,the officials and literati of the clan took the initiative to donate their salary to set up a clan charitable estate to support the poor and integrate the clans during the Southern Song Dynasty.In the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the management of charitable estate of the clan implemented the top-down hierarchical management mode,included Tigang(提纲),Zhangshi(掌事)and Guannian(管年),in which the chief played the role of management consultant and decision-maker of major affairs.In order to manage and operate charitable estate effectively,the clan formulated the regulations and revised it many times.The charitable estate's regulations was a specific manifestation and type of the rules of the clan.The formulation and continuous revision of the regulations was a prominent feature of the management of the clan.Through the research on the regulations of Jin’s charitable estate in Xiadong,it was helpful to glimpse the real state of the management and operation of the clan charitable estate in Huizhou and even Jiangnan area in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

关 键 词：宋元 徽州 宗族义庄 义庄规约 休宁下东金氏 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]