云南少数民族地区中小学生户外活动及近距离用眼对近视的影响  

Effect of outdoor activities and short-distance use of eyes on myopia among primary and secondary school students in Yunnan minority areas

作　　者：李佩谦 黄达峰[2] 张金娇 马子雪 李茜茜 罗筱 肖洁 黄莹 LI Peiqian;HUANG Dafeng;ZHANG Jinjiao;MA Zixue;LI Xixi;LUO Xiao;XIAO Jie;HUANG Ying(School of Public Health,Kunming Medical University,Kunming(650500),Yunnan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南650500 [2]云南省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2025年第1期34-38,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81960593)。

摘　　要：目的了解云南少数民族地区中小学生近视流行趋势,探讨户外活动及近距离用眼对近视的影响,为早期近视干预提供参考。方法2020年10月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法对云南省3个县/市的1782名中小学生进行基线视力检查和问卷调查;2021年10月进行第1次随访获取1691份有效样本;2023年5月进行第2次随访获取1367份有效样本。采用广义估计方程探讨中小学生近视的影响因素。结果云南少数民族地区中小学生2020,2021及2023年总体近视检出率分别为52.64%,61.62%和69.35%,呈增长趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=91.77,P<0.05)。广义估计方程进行多因变量回归分析结果显示,基线年龄(OR=1.31),女生(OR=1.76),哈尼族(OR=0.75)、白族(OR=0.69),父母近视(OR=1.97~2.29),父母因作业/补习经常挤占减少孩子运动时间(OR=1.35),每周球类运动≤1,2~3次(OR值分别为1.27,1.20),课间在教室内读写(OR=1.27),偶尔阳光直射下阅读(OR=1.20),家中读写仅用台灯(OR=0.71),近距离用眼≥1 h休息一次(OR=1.23)与中小学生近视均有关(P值均<0.05)。结论云南省少数民族地区中小学生户外活动水平及近距离用眼行为习惯不佳,改善相关环境及行为因素可有效预防近视的发生发展。Objective To understand the prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in minority areas of Yunnan Province,and to explore the influence of outdoor activities and short-distance use of eyes,so as to provide a basis for early myopia intervention.Methods In October 2020,the survey was conducted among 1782 primary and secondary school students in three cities of Yunnan through a multi-stage random cluster sampling method.All subjects underwent a questionnaire survey and the visual acuity examination at baseline.The first follow-up was conducted in October 2021 to obtain 1691 valid samples,and the second follow-up was conducted in May 2023 to obtain 1367 valid samples.Factors associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students were explored by using generalized estimating equations.Results The prevalence rates of myopia in 2020,2021 and 2023 were 52.64%,61.62%and 69.35%,respectively,showing an increasing trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=91.77,P<0.05).The results of multivariate regression analysis on the generalized estimation equations showed that age at baseline(OR=1.31),girls(OR=1.76),Hani ethnicity(OR=0.75),Bai ethnicity(OR=0.69),parental myopia(OR=1.97-2.29),parents often reducing children's exercise time for homework or tutoring(OR=1.35),less than 1 time or 2-3 times of ball sports per week(OR=1.27,1.20),reading and writing in the classroom during the break(OR=1.27),reading in direct sunlight occasionally(OR=1.20),using only desk lamp for writing at home(OR=0.71),more than 1 hours of short-distance eye use for a break once(OR=1.23)were associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students(P<0.05).Conclusions Outdoor activities and short-distance use of eye among primary and middle school students in minority areas in Yunnan province are suboptimal.Enhancing the related environmental and behavioral factors can effectively mitigate the occurrence and progression of myopia.

关 键 词：运动活动 眼 近视 学生 少数民族 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G806[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R778.11[文化科学—运动人体科学]