湖南省2021—2023年大中学生抑郁症状及相关因素分析  

Depressive symptoms and associated factors among middle school and college students from 2021 to 2023 in Hunan Province

作　　者：连昕瑶 王非[2] 王雅琪 王欢[1] 郭剑辉 师嫡 王绍冠 邹志勇[1] 陈艳华[2] 李晶[1] LIAN Xinyao;WANG Fei;WANG Yaqi;WANG Huan;GUO Jianhui;SHI Di;WANG Shaoguan;ZOU Zhiyong;CHEN Yanhua;LI Jing(School of Public Health/Institute of Child and Adolescent Health,Peking University,Beijing(100191),China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京100191 [2]湖南省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2025年第1期96-101,共6页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：第九届中国科协青年人才托举工程(2024—2027年度)项目(2023QNRC001)。

摘　　要：目的了解湖南省中学生和大学生的抑郁症状现况及其变化趋势,探究抑郁症状的主要相关因素,为加强学生心理健康工作提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法,选取湖南省2021—2023年共279382名大中学生作为研究对象,采用全国学生常见病和健康影响因素调查问卷进行问卷调查,使用流调中心用抑郁量表判定学生的抑郁症状。采用χ^(2)检验、趋势χ^(2)检验分析抑郁症状的检出情况、变化趋势,采用多因素Logistic回归分析抑郁症状的相关因素。结果2021—2023年,湖南省大中学生抑郁症状的检出率分别为19.66%,20.17%,21.47%,呈现上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=9.07,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,健康饮食(OR=0.43,95%CI=0.40~0.45)、睡眠时间达标(OR=0.88,95%CI=0.86~0.90)、视屏时间达标(OR=0.61,95%CI=0.60~0.62)的学生抑郁症状检出风险较低,吸烟(OR=1.95,95%CI=1.88~2.02)、二手烟暴露(OR=1.33,95%CI=1.30~1.36)、网络成瘾(OR=4.19,95%CI=4.05~4.34)的学生抑郁症状检出风险较高,并且关联程度在不同性别、学段、城乡组间存在差异(OR=0.40~6.04,Z=-12.69~11.98)(P值均<0.05)。结论湖南省大中学生抑郁症状在2021—2023年间呈现上升趋势。对不同人口学特征学生应采取针对性的抑郁预防措施,以促进其心理健康。Objective To investigate the current status and trends of depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province,and to explore the primary related factors of depressive symptoms,so as to provide a scientific basis for strengthening mental health among students.Methods A total of 279382 students in Hunan Province were selected through a stratified cluster random sampling method from 2021 to 2023.National Survey Questionnaire on Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors among Students was adopted for the survey,and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was used to assess their depressive symptoms.Theχ^(2)test and trendχ^(2)test were used to analyze depressive symptoms prevalence and trends,and multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of depressive symptoms.Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms among students in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023 were 19.66%,20.17%and 21.47%,respectively,showing an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=9.07,P<0.01).In addition,the results of the multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that students with healthy diet(OR=0.43,95%CI=0.40-0.45),adequate sleep(OR=0.88,95%CI=0.86-0.90),and acceptable screen time(OR=0.61,95%CI=0.60-0.62)had lower risks in depressive symptoms detection,while students with smoking(OR=1.95,95%CI=1.88-2.02),secondhand smoke exposure(OR=1.33,95%CI=1.30-1.36)and Internet addiction(OR=4.19,95%CI=4.05-4.34)had higher risks in depressive symptoms detection,with differences in the degree of association among different genders,educational stages and urban-rural groups(OR=0.40-6.04,Z=-12.69-11.98)(P<0.05).Conclusions There is an increasing trend of depressive symptoms among middle school and college students in Hunan Province from 2021 to 2023.Targeted depression prevention measures should be taken for students with different demographic characteristics to promote their mental health.

关 键 词：抑郁 精神卫生 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G444[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G479[哲学宗教—心理学]