粤北壮族传统民居建筑基因识别与图谱构建  

Identification and Mapping of Architectural Genes in the Traditional Zhuang Ethnic Dwellings in Northern Guangdong Province

作　　者：罗婷 刘旭红[1] LUO Ting;LIU Xuhong

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学建筑与城市规划学院,广州510090

出　　处：《广东园林》2024年第6期24-34,共11页Guangdong Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：为探讨粤北壮族村落传统民居的营建模式、文化特征以及发展演变机制,基于景观基因理论,对其开展田野调查与测绘,分析其建筑基因的影响因素。通过制定基因识别原则与图谱构建路径,探究传统民居的平面布局、立面形制、装饰艺术、结构体系等基因类型,并构建系统性可视化建筑基因图谱。研究结果表明,粤北壮族村落传统民居主要采用地居合院式营建模式,深受壮族、瑶族、汉族等多民族文化交融的影响;其平面布局由“一明两暗”型衍生为单进、多进天井合院式;立面形制吸纳了汉族民居的特点,逐渐呈现出繁复有序的风格;局部装饰融入地域民族文化图腾,精美细致;结构体系在“硬山搁檩”和“斜梁檩托”基础上展现出环境适应性。该基因图谱可为岭南少数民族地区建筑与村落风貌传承延续等相关研究提供科学依据。In order to explore the construction patterns,cultural characteristics and development mechanisms of traditional dwellings in Zhuang ethnic villages in northern Guangdong,this study conducts field surveys and mapping based on landscape gene theory,analyzing the influencing factors of architectural genes.By establishing principles for gene maps,this paper examines the gene types such as plan layout,facade forms,decorative arts,and structural systems,subsequently developing systematic architectural gene visualizations.The results indicate that traditional dwellings in these Zhuang ethnic villages primarily adopt courtyard layouts adapted to local terrain,deeply influenced by the multicultural integration of Zhuang,Yao and Han groups.The plan layout have evolved from the‘one bright room with two dark rooms'typology to single-entry and multi-entry patio courtyard dwellings.Facade forms absorb characteristics of Han architecture,gradually presenting complex yet orderly styles.Local decorations integrate regional ethnic cultural totems,exhibiting exquisite craftsmanship.The structural systems demonstrate environmental adaptability,mainly featuring gable roofs with purlins and inclined beams supporting purlins.The developed gene maps can provide a scientific foundation for research related to the preservation and continuation of traditional architectural styles and cultural landscapes in Lingnan minority regions.

关 键 词：传统民居 传统村落 景观基因 建筑基因 基因图谱 文化景观 少数民族文化 岭南 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]