昌江海尾湿地景观格局动态变化及其影响因子  

Dynamic Changes and Influencing Factors of Landscape Pattern in Changjiang Haiwei Wetland

作　　者：孙静馨 宋希强 申益春 杨泽秀 SUN Jingxin;SONG Xiqiang;SHEN Yichun;YANG Zexiu

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228 [2]海南省珠峰林业生态研究所,海口570100

出　　处：《广东园林》2024年第6期96-103,共8页Guangdong Landscape Architecture

基　　金：昌江黎族自治县海尾国家湿地公园湿地修复(一期)及生态环境监测勘察设计项目(编号:HNZD-2023-034)。

摘　　要：为明晰昌江海尾湿地景观格局特征,探究湿地景观格局的影响因素,更好地保护和利用该湿地,通过土地利用动态变化分析、景观格局指数分析以及现场调查的方法,对昌江海尾湿地2014—2024年的景观格局进行分析,并结合自然、人文等因素探究湿地景观格局特征的驱动因素。研究结果表明,近10年来昌江海尾湿地内湿地植物、建设用地、裸土地和道路面积减少,以建设用地的降幅最大,林地、草地和水域面积增加;在类型层次上,昌江海尾湿地的优势景观类型为林地,景观趋于破碎化,各斑块形状趋于复杂化,聚集度整体呈下降趋势,湿地植物的聚集度显著下降;影响昌江海尾湿地景观格局演变的主要因素为社会经济因素,包括人口数量和第三产业等,环境因素也有一定的作用。建议合理规划区域道路景观,重视景观的整体性保护,加强对沼泽湿地和珍稀濒危植物的保护。In order to clarify the landscape pattern characteristics of Changjiang Haiwei Wetland,explore its influencing factorsand better protect and utilize this wetland,the landscape pattern of Changjiang Haiwei Wetland from 2014 to 2024 is analyzed through the analysis of the dynamic change of land use,the analysis of the landscape pattern index as well as the on-site survey,and the driving factors of wetland landscape pattern characteristics are explored with the combination of the natural,humanistic and other factors.The results of the study show that the areas of wetland plants,construction land,bare land and roads in Changjiang Haiwei Wetland have decreased over the past decade,with construction land showing the most significant decline,while woodland,grassland,and water areas have increased.At the typological level,the dominant landscape type in the Changjiang Hawei Wetland is woodland.The landscape is becoming increasingly fragmented,with the shapes of various patches tending to become more complex,and the overall aggregation degree is on a downward trend,with a significant decrease in the aggregation degree of wetland plants.The main factors influencing the evolution of the landscape pattern in the Changjiang Hawei Wetland are socio-economic factors,including population size and the tertiary industry,while environmental factors also play a certain role.Based on these findings,it is recommended to rationally plan the regional road landscape,emphasize the overall protection of the landscapes,enhance the protection of marshy wetlands as well as rare and endangered plants species.

关 键 词：土地利用 景观格局 景观破碎化 湿地保护 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S73[农业科学—林学] TU985[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]