土力学溃坝模型的理论与方法评价  

Comment on theory and method of dam break models in soil mechanics

作　　者：巨江[1] 刘少斌[1] 张若羽 兰志良 JU Jiang;LIU Shao-bin;ZHANG Ruo-yu;LAN Zhi-liang(China Power Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2025年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

摘　　要：土力学溃坝模型理论和方法不成熟,包括溃口侵蚀方程漏掉了溃口长度和坝体干容重,溃口纵剖面形状人为假设,溃口横向展宽依赖于侵蚀深度等缺陷,导致计算的溃口流量与流速过程线,溃口下切与库水位降落过程线,溃口展宽过程线均与实测资料偏差较大,甚至规律性失真。溃坝扩散模型在经历了溃口纵剖面下切与横断面展宽的中间验证后,又用堰塞湖溃坝和土石坝溃坝实测资料与土力学方法最终对比,更客观地揭示了溃坝机理和规律。反映了坝体几何尺寸、材料特性、溃口水力特性及库容特性对溃口发展的综合影响,在溃坝应急抢险及数字模型平台中具有广泛的应用前景。Theory and method of the dam break model in soil mechanics is not perfect.There,the equation for erosion rate of break doesn't consider the effects of breach length and dry bulk density,the shape of the longi-tudinal erosion profile of the breach is artificially assumed and the transverse broadening is also be assumed to vary with the erosion depth.Therefore,the calculated breach flow rate and velocity processes,breach incision and reservoir water level drop processes,and breach widening process have significant deviations from the measured data,and even distortion of regularity.After being verified fully with the longitudinal profile down cut and cross section broadening as well as compared with data on barrier dam and soil dam break by the model in soil mechanics,the diffusion dam break model is recommended.It can reflect the comprehensive influence of the dam geometric size,material characteristics,hydraulic and storage capacity on the development of the breach.It can be widely applied to flood control and emergency design and digital modeling platform.

关 键 词：堰塞湖 溃坝扩散模型 误差函数 土力学 

分 类 号：TV641[水利工程—水利水电工程]