山西吉县清水河径流输沙变化及影响因素分析  

Analysis of runoff and sediment changes and influencing factors in Qingshui River in Jixian County,Shanxi Province

作　　者：谢宇 魏天兴[1] 张晓明[2] 缪今典 XIE Yu;WEI Tian-xing;ZHANG Xiao-ming;MIAO Jin-dian(Department of Geography,Bejing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Watershed Water Cycle Simulation and Regulation,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学地理系,北京100083 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2025年第1期39-46,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家重点研发课题(2022YFF1300801)。

摘　　要：为探究多种措施综合影响下清水河径流输沙的变化规律及影响因素,收集1950年以来的降水、径流、输沙及水土保持数据,应用突变检验、累积量斜率变化率比较法、相关公式法明确径流输沙突变点,计算气候和人类活动的贡献率与水土保持措施的减水减沙效益。结果表明,清水河径流量、输沙量显著持续减少,输沙变化对于梯田、淤地坝面积的增长更为灵敏,而径流量的变化主要取决于五大措施综合变化;退耕还林之前的人类活动对径流和输沙变化的贡献率分别为86.71%和81.60%,退耕还林实施后的贡献率分别达到98.68%和96.33%,水土保持措施的减水效益值为76.59%,减沙效益值为99.79%,水土保持措施减少河流输沙作用远高于对径流的影响。In order to explore the variation processes and influencing factors of runoff and sediment transport in Qingshui River under the comprehensive influence of various measures,the data of precipitation,runoff,sedi-ment transport and soil and water conservation since 1950 were collected,and the mutation test,the compari-son method of the slope change rate of accumulation and the related formula method were used to clarify the abrupt change points of runoff and sediment transport.The contribution rate of climate and human activities and the benefits of soil and water conservation measures to runoff and sediment reduction were calculated.The results show that the runoff and sediment transport in Qingshui River are reduced significantly and continuous-ly,and the change of sediment transport is more sensitive to the growth of terraced and silt dam area,while the change of runoff depends more on the comprehensive change of the five measures.The contribution rates of hu-man activities to runoff and sediment transport are 86.71%and 81.60%before returning farmland to forest,and 98.68%and 96.33%after implementation.The benefit of soil and water conservation measures to runoff and sediment reduction are 76.59%and 99.79%,respectively,the effect of soil and water conservation meas-ures on reducing sediment is much higher than that on runoff reduction.

关 键 词：径流 输沙 退耕还林 水土保持措施 

分 类 号：TV142[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]