劳动争议何以“调而可解”:基于A区仲裁院制度赋能与治理功能重塑的考察  

How to"Adjust and Solve"Labor Disputes:An Investigation Based on The Institutional Empowerment and Governance Function Remodeling of The Arbitration Court in District A

作　　者：唐鑛[1] 毛磊 韩易乔 Kuang TANG;Lei MAO;Yiqiao HAN(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2025年第3期100-112,共13页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：社科基金青年项目(23CSH083)。

摘　　要：伴随我国经济社会转型升级,劳动关系摩擦力加大导致争议发案量逐年增加,劳动争议非诉处理效能却能稳中有升,“调而不解”观点已不能解释这一“强治理压力——强化解效能”现象。以往研究集中于劳动争议仲裁制度的合理性、有效性及持续性等方面,较为一致地指出仲裁(院)存在定位不清问题,但从经验层面研究仲裁(院)功能的文献不多。本文以A区仲裁院为典型案例,基于扎根理论方法进行分析,发现自上而下的制度赋能与仲裁院自下而上的“激励”性行动创新,推动A区仲裁院采用了教育者-联通互动型、指导者-赋权增能型、裁判者-加层重合型三种行动策略实现了对和谐劳动关系治理功能重塑,促使劳动争议“调而可解”,并由此推论仲裁院兼具有准司法性质和准治理性质。研究结论同时验证了中国劳动关系治理实践中的仲裁制度刚性与策略弹性的动态调适平衡特征,为理解中国情境下的劳动关系治理提供了新的理论视角。鉴于A区仲裁院具备一定样本代表性,因此研究结果对国家制度建设和各地仲裁院行动创新具有启发意义。With the transformation and upgrading of China's economy and society,the increase of friction in labor relations leads to the increase of disputes year by year,while the efficiency of non-litigation processing of labor disputes can be steadily increased,and the view of"Large-scale collective disputes preferentially targeted and Small-scale and individual ones relatively ignored"can no longer explain this phenomenon of"strong governance pressure-strong resolution efficiency".Previous studies focused on the rationality,effectiveness and sustainability of the labor dispute arbitration system,and a consensus was pointed out that the arbitration(court)had unclear positioning,and there were few literature on the function of arbitration(court)from the empirical level.In this paper,based on the analysis of the available data of the Arbitration Court of Area A based on the Grounded Theory,it is found that the top-down"Institutional empowerment"and the bottom-up"Incentive"action innovation of the arbitration Court of Area A promote the adoption of three action strategies:Educator-Connectivity&Interaction,Instructor-Empowerment&Enhancement,and Arbitrator-Multiple levels&Consensus to achieve the reconstruction of the governance function of harmonious labor relations.Therefore,labor disputes can be"adjust and solve".It is concluded that the arbitration court has both quasi-judicial nature and quasi-governance nature.The research conclusions also verify the dynamic adjustment and balance characteristics of the institutional rigidity and strategic flexibility of the arbitration system in China's labor relations governance practice,providing a new theoretical perspective for understanding the governance of labor relations in the Chinese context.In view of the representative sample of the arbitration court in District A,the research results are instructive for the national system construction and the action innovation of arbitration courts in different regions.

关 键 词：劳动争议 仲裁院 行动策略 制度赋能 功能重塑 

分 类 号：D922.591[政治法律—民商法学]