青蒿同源四倍体诱导与户外栽培研究  

Induction of Homologous Tetraploid Artemisia Annua and Outdoor Cultivation Study

作　　者：王梦楚 梁云妹 谢刚 谢鹏鸣 WANG Mengchu;LIANG Yunmei;XIE Gang;XIE Pengming(Guangxi Xian Cao Tang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Liuzhou 545400,China)

机构地区：[1]广西仙草堂制药有限责任公司,广西柳州545400

出　　处：《乡村科技》2025年第5期88-92,共5页Rural Science and Technology

基　　金：广西科技重大专项“肉桂等广西特色药材高质量生产关键技术及系列产品开发研究”(桂科AA22096021)。

摘　　要：青蒿是一类菊科蒿属草本植物,从中提取的青蒿素是目前新型一级抗疟特效药所需的重要原材料。为改良现有的青蒿品种,研究倍性育种提高青蒿素含量的可能性,采用植物组织离体培养技术,以青蒿的组培幼苗为试验材料,选用秋水仙素作为化学诱导剂,诱导出青蒿同源四倍体;并对诱导植株进行根尖细胞染色体检测和流式细胞仪检测,将成功诱导的四倍体组培苗进行炼苗、户外栽培,观察其性状并检测青蒿素含量。试验诱导青蒿同源四倍体的条件:以青蒿叶片培养出愈伤组织,转移至100 mg/L秋水仙素诱导基中,培养24 h。研究发现,青蒿同源四倍体植株的气孔开度大、根系较粗、叶片颜色较深,有一定的植株抗性,其青蒿素含量高于二倍体植株。研究可为青蒿的倍性遗传育种提供一定的技术参考。Artemisia annua is a herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family,and artemisinin ex⁃tracted from it is an important raw material for the new generation of first-line antimalarial drugs.To improve existing Artemisia annua varieties and explore the possibility of increasing artemisinin con⁃tent through polyploid breeding,plant tissue culture techniques were employed,with in vitro cultured seedlings of Artemisia annua as experimental materials.Colchicine was used as a chemical inducer to induce homologous tetraploids.Root tip cell chromosomes and flow cytometry were used to analyze the induced plants.Successfully induced tetraploid seedlings were subjected to acclimatization,and outdoor cultivation,and observed for traits and artemisinin content.The conditions for inducing ho⁃mologous tetraploids were as follows:the callus was induced from Artemisia annua leaves and then transferred to an induction medium containing 100 mg/L colchicine,where it was cultured for 24 hours.The study found that homologous tetraploid Artemisia annua plants had larger stomata,thicker roots,darker leaves,and enhanced resistance.The artemisinin content was higher than in diploid plants,which could provide a technical research reference for the polyploid genetic breeding of Artemisia annua.

关 键 词：青蒿 秋水仙素 同源四倍体 青蒿素 

分 类 号：S567.219[农业科学—中草药栽培]