采空沉陷作用下桃坪隧道结构损伤演化及治理对策  

Structural Damage Evolution of Taoping Tunnel under Goaf Subsidence and Its Solutions

作　　者：陈霄汉 CHEN Xiaohan(Bridge and Tunnel Design Institute,China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an Shaanxi 710043,China;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司桥梁隧道设计院,陕西西安710043 [2]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国铁路》2025年第2期44-53,共10页China Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(K2020G034)。

摘　　要：为探明不同采空沉陷作用下隧道结构损伤的演化规律,制定针对性的治理措施。根据桃坪隧道周边采空区的类型和分布情况,通过IN-SAR技术对柱式和壁式采空区地表移动变形进行监测,分析不同类型采空沉陷的地表变形特征。建立隧道结构损伤评价指标量化表征隧道衬砌结构损伤和发展程度,分析不同类型采空沉陷作用下的地表变形特征与隧道结构损伤的演化规律的关系。通过分析,柱式采空区将在煤矿开采后数十年内产生持续不断的地表沉降位移并长期影响隧道结构安全,壁式采空区在采动后短时间内产生较大的地表沉降位移,在一定时间后采空沉陷作用明显降低,隧道结构损伤不再发展。因此,对于已产生病害的既有隧道,壁式采空区可在变形放缓后采取定向注浆等治理措施,并根据隧道结构损伤评价指标分级开展隧道整治工作。对于新建铁路工程,柱式采空区应坚持以绕避为主的设计理念,壁式采空区可以根据治理后的效果评价,以新建隧道方式通过壁式采空区,降低线路因绕避采空区增加的长度,节省工程建设投资。To investigate the evolution of tunnel structural damage under different types of goaf subsidence,this paper proposes targeted countermeasures.Based on the types and distribution of goaf areas surrounding the Taoping Tunnel,the IN-SAR technology was employed to monitor surface movement and deformation in pillar and wall-type goaf areas,analyzing the surface deformation characteristics of different types of goaf subsidence.A quantitative evaluation index of tunnel structural damage was established to characterize the damage and development degree of the tunnel lining structure.This analysis explored the relationship between surface deformation characteristics under various goaf subsidence types and the evolution of tunnel structural damage.The findings indicate that pillar goaf areas will cause continuous surface settlement displacements for decades after coal mining,substantially impacting the safety of tunnel structure.In contrast,wall-type goaf areas experience obvious surface settlement displacements in a short time after mining,but the subsidence effect diminishes after a certain period,and the structural damage to the tunnel ceases to develop.Therefore,for existing tunnels that have already experienced damage,countermeasures such as targeted grouting can be implemented in wall-type goaf areas after the deformation has slowed down.Additionally,tunnel rehabilitation work should be carried out at different levels according to the tunnel structural damage evaluation index.For new railway projects,a design philosophy focusing on avoidance should be adopted for pillar goaf areas.In the case of wall-type goaf areas,the effectiveness of remediation measures can be evaluated to allow for the new tunnel construction through these areas.This approach can reduce the increased length caused by avoiding goaf areas,saving on construction investment.

关 键 词：侯月铁路 桃坪隧道 采空沉陷 地表移动变形 结构损伤 

分 类 号：U452[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]