铁路基础设施空天地一体化智能巡检解决方案研究  

Research on Air-space-ground Integrated Intelligent Patrol Inspection Solution for Railway Infrastructure

作　　者：袁敦磊 徐天涛 王廷昌 李建国 王振 杨鹤猛 YUAN Dunlei;XU Tiantao;WANG Tingchang;LI Jianguo;WANG Zhen;YANG Hemeng(Department of Science,Technology and Information Technology,China Railway Jinan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan Shandong 250000,China;Scientific Research Institute,China Railway Jinan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan Shandong 250000,China;Tianjin Aerospace Zhongwei Data System Technology Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300301,China;School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路济南局集团有限公司科技和信息化部,山东济南250000 [2]中国铁路济南局集团有限公司科研所,山东济南250000 [3]天津航天中为数据系统科技有限公司,天津300301 [4]天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《中国铁路》2025年第2期144-158,共15页China Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(N2023T013)。

摘　　要：随着我国铁路运营里程不断增长,传统巡检手段与模式无法满足铁路运行日益增长的安全与效益需求。通过分析铁路基础设施巡检需求,基于无人机、卫星遥感等新型技术,构建空天地一体化智能巡检技术体系,提出应用解决方案和实现路径,设计组件化和插件化的系统框架。以彩钢瓦隐患智能检测算法插件化为例进行算法消融实验,结果表明,提出的BIN-Deep LabV3+算法,对卫星和无人机影像均具有良好适用性,mIOU和mPA分别达89.11%和94.83%,可实现插件化应用。通过选取京沪线部分区段进行示范应用,验证了体系的可行性和先进性,空天地多源巡检方式协同互补,可及时有效发现更多安全隐患,为铁路基础设施巡检提供多手段、全流程、一站式、智能化、精益化的应用模式。As the railway operating mileage in China continues to grow,traditional patrol inspection methods and models are unable to meet the increasing safety and efficiency demands of railway operations.By analyzing the patrol inspection needs of railway infrastructure and leveraging new technologies such as UAV and satellite remote sensing,this paper establishes a air-space-ground integrated intelligent patrol inspection technology system and puts forward solutions for application and implementation paths,along with the design of a componentized and plug-in system framework.Taking the plug-in version of the intelligent detection algorithm for color steel tile hazards as an example,an algorithm ablation experiment was conducted.The results indicate that the proposed BIN-DeepLabV3+algorithm demonstrates good applicability for both satellite and UAV images,achieving mIOU of 89.11%and mPA of 94.83%,which allows for plug-in applications.By selecting certain sections of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR for demonstration applications,the feasibility and advancement of the system were validated.The air-space-ground multi-source patrol inspection method is complementary and collaborative,allowing for the timely and effective discovery of more safety hazards.This provides a multi-faceted,full-process,one-stop,intelligent,and lean application model for railway infrastructure patrol inspections.

关 键 词：铁路基础设施 巡检 空天地一体化 卫星遥感 无人机 组件化 插件化 

分 类 号：U216.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]