基于东方黏虫卵的异色瓢虫规模化饲养条件的优化  

Optimization of mass rearing conditions for Harmonia axyridis based on Mythimna separata eggs

作　　者：吴钰薇 郑林浩 朱立贺 高鹏 商晔 张国春 李启云[2] 李飞武[1] 徐文静[1] WU Yuwei;ZHENG Linhao;ZHU Lihe;GAO Peng;SHANG Ye;ZHANG Guochun;LI Qiyun;LI Feiwu;XU Wenjing(Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 136100,China;Qianguo County Qianguoerluosi Town Comprehensive Service Center,Songyuan City,Jilin Province,Songyuan 131100,China;College of Modern Agriculture,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,长春130033 [2]吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所,长春136100 [3]吉林省松原市前郭县前郭尔罗斯镇综合服务中心,松原131100 [4]浙江农林大学现代农学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《植物保护》2025年第2期126-131,140,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划(20230508091RC,20240303030NC)。

摘　　要：异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis是一种优良的捕食性天敌昆虫,能够捕食农林业中的多种害虫。利用异色瓢虫进行生物防治的前提是能够规模化繁殖,合适的饲养密度是规模化繁殖的基础。本试验以东方黏虫Mythimna separata卵为食料人工饲养异色瓢虫,在室内测定了在不同饲养密度下幼虫死亡率和成虫获得数,以及成虫在不同饲养密度下30 d内的总产卵量和卵孵化率。结果表明,在容积4300 cm^(3)养虫盒内饲养幼虫,死亡率随饲养时间延长而提高,幼虫自残高峰在卵孵化后的第5~9天;成虫获得数随初始虫量的增加而增大,初孵幼虫密度为110头/盒时成虫获得数最多,为62.75头。在容积250 cm^(3)养虫盒内饲养成虫,饲养密度对30 d内总产卵量有显著影响,总产卵量随成虫数量的增加而增大,密度为4对/盒时总产卵量最大,为2405.50粒;饲养密度对卵孵化率无显著影响。以此为基础建立异色瓢虫规模化饲养技术体系,在7.56 m^(2)的养虫室内饲养幼虫,每批次可以生产约3.61万头成虫;在7.56 m^(2)的养虫室内饲养成虫,每日可收获92.37万粒卵。利用该技术能够连续、多代、大量地获得同一发育阶段的产品,且有提升空间,可满足市场需求。Harmonia axyridis is an excellent predatory natural enemy insect adept at preying on various agricultural and forestry pests.Mass rearing is a prerequisite for its effective application in biological control,with appropriate rearing density being a pivotal factor for mass rearing.In this study,Mythimna separata eggs were used as a food source for artificial rearing of H.axyridis.Mortality rates of larvae,the number of adults obtained under different rearing densities,total fecundity over 30 d and egg hatchability under different rearing densities were measured indoors.The results indicated that,the mortality rates of larvae reared in boxes with a volume of 4300 cm^(3),increased with the prolongation of rearing time,with peak cannibalism occurring 5-9 days after hatching.The maximum number of adults(62.75)was achieved at an initial larval density of 110 individuals per box.For adults reared in 250 cm^(3) boxes,density significantly influenced fecundity.The highest total egg production(2405.50 eggs over 30 days)occurred at a density of four couples per box,though density had less significant effect on egg hatchability.Overall,a large-scale rearing system for H.axyridis was established.In a 7.56 m^(2) insectary,approximately 36100 adults can be produced per batch,and 923700 eggs can be harvested per day.This system allows for continuous,multi-generational,large-scale production of individuals at the same developmental stage,with room for improvement to meet market demands.

关 键 词：异色瓢虫 东方黏虫 规模化饲养 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]