张掖地区不同施药强度苹果园节肢动物群落结构及种群动态  

Community structure and population dynamics of arthropods in apple orchards with different pesticide use intensity in Zhangye area

作　　者：周浩辉 张大为 刘沛林[1,2] 王森山 陆宴辉 ZHOU Haohui;ZHANG Dawei;LIU Peilin;WANG Senshan;LU Yanhui(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [3]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《植物保护》2025年第2期237-244,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：为明确张掖地区苹果园的节肢动物群落结构及不同施药管理对主要害虫与天敌种群发生的影响,采用目测法调查了苹果树冠层节肢动物群落,并分析了主要害虫与天敌的种群动态及生态位。结果表明:张掖地区苹果园节肢动物物种数量偏少。蚜虫和叶螨为绝对优势害虫,二者发生数量随苹果园施药强度增加而增加;深点食螨瓢虫Stethorus punctillum为优势天敌,发生数量随施药强度的增加而降低。施药显著降低了果园节肢动物的物种数量及植食性亚群落的丰富度,并降低了主要天敌的生态位宽度及其与害虫的生态位重叠值。施药等人为干扰严重削弱了天敌的生防功能,并刺激了果园小型害虫蚜虫和叶螨的种群再猖獗。本研究为张掖地区苹果园害虫的科学治理提供了重要依据。To clarify the structure of the arthropod community and the impact of varying pesticide use intensity on the seasonal dynamics of major pests and their natural enemies in orchards in Zhangye.The arthropods communities in apple orchards were investigated using the visual observation,and the population dynamics and niches of major pests and their predators were further analyzed.The results revealed a low species diversity of arthropods in Zhangye apple orchards.Aphids and spider mites were identified as the absolute dominant pests,with their populations increasing in response to higher pesticide use intensity.Stethorus punctillum was the dominant natural enemy,but its population decreased with increased pesticide use intensity.Pesticide applications significantly reduced arthropod species richness and the diversity of herbivorous subcommunities,as well as the niche breadth of key natural enemies and their niche overlap with pests.Human interventions such as pesticide use severely impaired the biocontrol function of natural enemies,leading to resurgences of aphid and spider mite populations in apple orchards.This study provides valuable insights for the scientific management of apple orchard pests in the Zhangye area.

关 键 词：张掖地区 苹果园 节肢动物 群落结构 生态位 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]