环磺酮对玉米及后茬作物苗期生长的影响  

Effects of tembotrione on growth of maize and subsequent crops at seedling stage

作　　者：万永乐 沈运河 张立磊 童绣云 王友定 赵晓俊 毕亚玲 WAN Yongle;SHEN Yunhe;ZHANG Lilei;TONG Xiuyun;WANG Youding;ZHAO Xiaojun;BI Yaling(College of Resource and Environment,Anhui Science and Technology University,Chuzhou 233100,China;Anhui Jiuyi Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 231602,China;College of Agriculture,Anhui Science and Technology University,Chuzhou 233100,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院资源与环境学院,滁州233100 [2]安徽久易农业股份有限公司,合肥231602 [3]安徽科技学院农学院,滁州233100

出　　处：《植物保护》2025年第2期309-315,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：安徽省科技重大专项(202203a06020016);省级大学生创新创业训练计划(S202210879138)。

摘　　要：为明确环磺酮对玉米及后茬作物生长的影响,通过温室盆栽法测定了环磺酮对10个玉米主栽品种及小麦、油菜、小白菜的安全性,同时探究了不同温度条件下环磺酮对玉米产生药害的影响。结果表明:环磺酮在216 g/hm^(2)剂量下对供试10个玉米品种的株高抑制率均低于2.86%。其在玉米‘郑单958’‘浚单20’‘先玉335’‘登海605’和杂草马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、稗草Echinochloa crus-galli、青葙Celosia argentea、苘麻Abutilon theophrasti之间的选择性指数为4.34~27.12。在10℃∥20℃、20℃∥30℃和30℃∥40℃温度条件下,环磺酮432 g/hm^(2)处理对‘浚单20’的鲜重抑制率分别为40.69%、7.56%和18.25%。后茬作物出苗后30 d,环磺酮108 g/hm^(2)处理对小麦、油菜生长无影响,而小白菜药害严重,鲜重抑制率为53.35%。当环磺酮剂量提升至324 g/hm^(2)时,油菜出现药害,鲜重抑制率为47.65%。综上,低温易导致环磺酮产生玉米药害,且后茬小白菜对环磺酮表现敏感,应合理种植后茬作物,避免环磺酮的残留药害。This study aimed to clarify the effects of tembotrione on the growth of maize and subsequent crops.Using greenhouse pot experiments,the safety of tembotrione was assessed for 10 main maize varieties and three subsequent crops including wheat,rape and pakchoi.At the same time,the effect of tembotrione on the phytotoxicity of maize was explored under different temperature conditions.The results showed that tembotrione inhibited plant height in the 10 tested maize varieties by less than 2.86%at the dose of 216 g/hm^(2).The selectivity indexes between maize varieties‘Zhengdan 958’‘Xundan 20’‘Xianyu 335’and‘Denghai 605’and weeds(Digitaria sanguinalis,Echinochloa crus-galli,Celosia argentea,and Abutilon theophrasti)were 4.34-27.12.Under temperature conditions of 10℃∥20℃,20℃∥30℃,and 30℃∥40℃,the fresh weight inhibition rates of‘Xundan 20’treated with tembotrione at 432 g/hm^(2) were 40.69%,7.56%,and 18.25%,respectively.At 30 days after the emergence of the following crops,a dose of 108 g/hm^(2) did not affect the growth of wheat and rape but caused severe damage to pakchoi,with a fresh weight inhibition rate of 53.35%.When the dose was increased to 324 g/hm^(2),rape exhibited herbicide damage,with a fresh weight inhibition rate of 47.65%.In summary,low temperatures can exacerbate the phytotoxicity of tembotrione to maize.Pakchoi is particularly sensitive to tembotrione residues.Therefore,it is essential to select subsequent crops appropriately to avoid residual phytotoxicity of tembotrione.

关 键 词：环磺酮 玉米 后茬作物 除草剂 安全性 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]