机织/非织造复合土工布的底泥脱水性能研究  

Study on performance of woven/non-woven composite geotextiles for sediment dewatering

作　　者：郭胤麟 黄晨[1,2] Guo Yinlin;Huang Chen(College of Textiles,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Binzhou Institute of Technology,Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park,Binzhou 256606,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学纺织学院,上海201620 [2]滨州魏桥国科高等技术研究院,山东滨州256606

出　　处：《产业用纺织品》2025年第2期1-9,共9页Technical Textiles

摘　　要：为解决当前高含水量底泥脱水效率低的问题,设计适用于底泥脱水土工管袋的机织/非织造复合结构。以0.22 tex疏水聚烯烃系纤维(ES纤维)层为疏水层,聚丙烯平纹机织物为加筋中间层,分别与0.20 tex亲水ES纤维层、0.12 tex黏胶纤维层、0.09 tex黏胶纤维层进行叠层针刺复合,制备含蓬松疏水层和紧密亲水层的孔径/润湿双重梯度结构复合土工布。测试3种复合土工布试样的孔径分布、力学性能及底泥脱水性能。结果显示:3种复合土工布试样的纵向断裂强力分别为968.1、953.1和939.6 N,横向断裂强力分别为802.5、868.0和853.8 N,顶破强力超过2000 N,力学性能良好;压力过滤试验中,3种复合土工布试样的滤饼固含量均超过75%;3种复合土工布试样中,以0.09 tex黏胶纤维层为亲水层制备的复合土工布孔径最小,初始滤液流速最大,底泥颗粒透过量最小,底泥脱水性能最优。To solve the problem of low dewatering efficiency of high water content sediment,a woven/non-woven composite structure suitable for sediment dewatering geotextile tubes was designed.With 0.22 tex hydrophobic polyolefin fiber(ES fiber)layer as the hydrophobic layer and polypropylene plain woven fabric as the reinforced middle layer,the pore size/wetted double gradient geotextiles with a fluffy hydrophobic layer and a tight hydrophilic layer were prepared by needling with 0.20 tex hydrophilic ES fiber layer,0.12 tex viscose fiber layer and 0.09 tex viscose fiber layer,respectively.The pore size distribution,mechanical properties and sediment dewatering performance of three composite geotextile samples were tested.The results showed that the longitudinal fracture strength of the three composite geotextile samples was 968.1,953.1 and 939.6 N,the transverse fracture strength was 802.5,868.0 and 853.8 N,and the bursting strength was more than 2000 N,which indicated that the mechanical properties of the samples were good.In the pressure filtration test,the solid content of the filter cakes of the three composite geotextile samples exceeded 75%.Among them,the composite geotextile prepared with 0.09 tex viscose fiber layer as hydrophilic layer had the best sediment dewatering performance due to its smallest pore size,the highest initial flow rate and the smallest permeability of sediment particles.

关 键 词：复合土工布 脱水性能 针刺 梯度结构 底泥治理 

分 类 号：TS176[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]