强化焙烧-浸出法从超低品位硅酸镍矿中提取镍镁  

Extracting Nickel and Magnesium from Ultra-Low Grade Nickel Silicate Ore Based on Enhanced Roasting Leaching Method

作　　者：文堪 王朝 李耀山 刘远 解万文 王铧泰 Wen Kan;Wang Zhao;Li Yaoshan;Liu Yuan;Xie Wanwen;Wang Huatai(Western Mining Group Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Xining 810006,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Mineral Processing Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization,Xining 810006,China;Qinghai Nonferrous Mineral Resources Engineering Technology Research Center,Xining 810006,China)

机构地区：[1]西部矿业集团科技发展有限公司,青海西宁810006 [2]青海省高原矿物加工工程与综合利用重点实验室,青海西宁810006 [3]青海省有色矿产资源工程技术研究中心,青海西宁810006

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第12期1815-1822,共8页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：青海省创新平台建设专项(2022-ZJ-Y09)资助。

摘　　要：采用强化焙烧-浸出法处理超低品位硅酸镍矿,考察了各影响因素对镍和镁浸出效果的影响,获得了最佳工艺条件,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)及扫描电镜(SEM)等方法揭示了氟化钙提高镍、镁浸出率的机制,结果表明:在焙烧温度为1100℃,焙烧时间为60 min,氟化钙用量为10%,浸出终点p H为1.5,浸出温度为50℃,浸出时间为5 h的条件下,镍浸出率可达74.9%,镁浸出率可达84.3%;氟化钙提高镍和镁浸出率的机制在于:在焙烧过程中氟化钙解离出的氟离子取代O2-进入矿物晶格中,造成矿物中稳定的桥氧键断裂,使得硅氧四面体坍塌,强化了对矿物晶体结构的破坏,进一步释放镍和镁;此外,在浸出过程中氟离子与镍离子、镁离子易形成溶于酸的六氟化镍配合物和氟镁络合物,增加镍、镁离子在浸出液中的稳定性,且氟离子更容易渗透到硅酸盐结构内部,降低氢离子迁移造成的电势差,促进氢离子在硅酸盐内部扩散,强化氢离子对硅酸盐中镍和镁的置换脱附作用,同时氟离子在酸性条件下能够腐蚀硅酸盐矿物,释放矿物中吸附的镍、镁离子,在综合作用下,提高了镍和镁的浸出率。Nickel as an important strategic metal,is widely used in military manufacturing and new energy fields,due to the rapid development of new energy,the price of nickel is gradually rising,and the competition for nickel resources is becoming increasingly fierce.With the depletion of easily processed and highly valuable nickel ore resources,difficult to treat nickel ore resources,especially nickel silicate ore resources,are gradually receiving attention.Nickel silicate ore is a relatively difficult to treat nickel ore,especially low-grade nickel silicate ore,the current methods for treating nickel silicate mainly include nickel matte smelting,nickel iron smelting,reduction roasting ammonia leaching method,chlorination separation roasting magnetic separation method,high-pressure acid leaching method,etc.The first two methods mentioned above are suitable for treating nickel ores with high nickel iron content,while the reduction roasting ammonia leaching method and chlorination separation roasting magnetic separation method are suitable for treating nickel ores with a nickel grade of about 1%.Although the high-pressure acid leaching method has a high nickel recovery rate,but it is mainly suitable for nickel oxide ores with low silicon and magnesium content,and there are problems such as high investment costs and equipment corrosion.At present,the nickel in the tailings of many nickel beneficiation plants is mainly nickel silicate,which is difficult to separate and can only be stacked in tailings ponds,causing waste of nickel resources,if the nickel silicate in the tailings of nickel beneficiation plants can be utilized,it will create significant economic benefits.In order to extract nickel from nickel silicate,an efficient method had been developed,the ultra-low grade nickel silicate ore was treated by using enhanced roasting leaching method in this paper.The influence of various factors on the leaching effect of nickel and magnesium was investigated,and the optimal process conditions were obtained.The mechanism of calci

关 键 词：强化焙烧 硅酸镍 酸浸 镍回收 氟化钙 

分 类 号：TF111[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]