步长对前弓箭步蹲起时踝关节周围肌群肌电特征的影响  

Influence of Step Length on Electromyography Characteristics of Muscles around Ankle Joint during Forward Lunge and Squat

作　　者：郑浩 张桂忠[1] ZHENG Hao;ZHANG Guizhong(College of Physical Education,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 01022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学体育学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期213-220,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

摘　　要：利用Noraxon无线表面肌电测量仪,采集20名受试者四种步距下前弓箭步蹲起过程中踝关节周围肌肉的表面肌电信号,包括胫骨前肌(TA)、腓肠肌内侧(GM)、腓肠肌外侧(GL)。探明四种步距(腿长的50%、70%、100%、120%)下前弓箭步蹲起过程中踝关节周围肌的激活水平和共激活特征,分析TA、GM、GL的RMS、IEMG、贡献率和TA与GL的共激活比。结果表明,胫骨前肌的RMS、IEMG、贡献率随步距的增加极显著减小(P<0.001);腓肠肌内外侧的RMS、IEMG、贡献率随步距的增加极显著增大(P<0.001);胫骨前肌与腓肠肌外侧的共激活比随步距的增加极显著降低(P<0.001)。结果说明在前弓箭步蹲起过程中,胫骨前肌与腓肠肌的放电量与贡献率会受到步距的影响;胫骨前肌的放电量和贡献率随步距的增加而减小;腓肠肌的放电量与贡献率随步距的增加而增加;四种步距下的共激活比均大于1,在弓箭步蹲起动作中踝关节处于极其不稳定的状态,容易造成踝关节的损伤。建议在选择弓箭步进行胫骨前肌力量训练时,可以选择步距50%的前弓箭步训练;进行腓肠肌的力量训练时,可以选择步距120%的前弓箭步训练;涉及前弓箭步多的运动项目时,运动员需要加强踝关节的稳定性训练,以防止踝关节损伤。To investigate the activation levels and co-activation characteristics of muscles around the ankle joint during forward lunge and squat under four step lengths(50%,70%,100%,and 120%of leg length).Methods:Using the Noraxon wireless surface electromyography system,this study collected surface electromyography signals from muscles around the ankle joints of 20 subjects during forward lunge and squat under the four step lengths,which included tibialis anterior(TA),medial gastrocnemius(GM),and lateral gastrocnemius(GL).The RMS,IEMG,and contribution rates of TA,GM,and GL,as well as the co-activation ratio of TA to GL,were analyzed.The results showed that the RMS,IEMG,and contribution rate of TA significantly decreased with increasing step length(50%,70%,100%,and 120%)(P<0.001).The RMS,IEMG,and contribution rates of both GM and GL significantly increased with increasing step length(P<0.001).The co-activation ratio of TA to GL significantly decreased with increasing step length(P<0.001).The conclusion was that during forward lunge and squat,the discharge capacities and contribution rates of TA and gastrocnemius were influenced by step length.The discharge capacity and contribution rate of TA decreased with increasing step length,while those of gastrocnemius increased.The coactivation ratios under all four step lengths were greater than 1.This indicates that ankle joints are in an extremely unstable state during lunge and squat,which may easily lead to ankle injuries.When lunge is selected for TA strength training,a step length of 50%can be chosen for forward lunge.For gastrocnemius strength training,a step length of 120%can be selected for forward lunge.In sports involving many forward lunges,such as badminton,tennis,and fencing,athletes need to strengthen stability training of ankle joints to prevent ankle injuries.

关 键 词：弓箭步 共激活 表面肌电 运动损伤 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]