新型海洋浮标波浪能发电装置动力学特性研究  

Dynamic characterization of a new ocean buoy wave energy harvester

作　　者：刘丽兰[1] 代航舵 秦英凯 李佳佳 吴子英[1] Liu Lilan;Dai Hangduo;Qin Yingkai;Li Jiajia;Wu Ziying(School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering,Xi′an University of Technology,Xi′an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院,西安710048

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2025年第1期203-214,共12页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

摘　　要：波浪作用下海洋浮标主要存在纵摇和垂荡运动,采用两自由度差动轮系分别将浮标的垂荡运动和纵摇运动与差动轮系的两个输入轴相连,差动轮系的输出轴与转子发电机相连,提出了一种多源耦合的新型海洋浮标波浪能发电装置。利用绕定轴转动的摆球俘获浮标纵摇的运动能量,并利用含有单向轴承的齿轮机构将摆球的往复摆动转化为驱动发电机转动的单向旋转运动,该旋转运动为差动轮系的输入之一。同时,利用含有单向轴承的齿轮齿条机构将浮标的垂荡运动转化为驱动发电机转动的单向旋转运动,该旋转运动为差动轮系的另一个输入。差动轮系的行星架作为输出轴与发电机转子直连驱动发电机单向转动,将浮标的纵摇和垂荡动能转化为电能。分别建立了新型浮标波浪能发电装置中摆球纵摇发电装置、浮体垂荡发电装置以及浮标纵摇/垂荡耦合的动力学方程,采用数值仿真研究了不同波浪周期和不同波浪幅值下发电装置的动力学响应及发电功率。结果表明:当波浪幅值为1 m时,浮标平均发电功率在波浪周期为2.3 s左右时达到最大,随着激励波浪幅值增大,浮标的垂荡和纵摇振动的响应随之增加,发电功率逐渐增大,当波幅为1.1 m时发电功率可达525.7 W。在波浪周期为2.3 s、振幅为1 m时,安装单向轴承比未安装单向轴承的发电效率提高约19.2%。Under the action of waves,the ocean buoy device mainly undergoes pitch and heave motions.In this paper,a novel buoy wave energy harvester with multi-source coupling is proposed.The harvester employs a two-degree-of-freedom differential gear train to capture the pitch and heave motions of the buoy,with the output shaft of the differential gear train connected to the rotor of the generator.The power generation device utilizes a pendulum ball rotating around a fixed axis to capture the energy of the buoy′s longitudinal pitch motion,and a gear mechanism with unidirectional bearings is used to convert the reciprocating swing motion of the pendulum ball into unidirectional rotational motion to drive the generator,which serves as one input to the differential gear train.Simultaneously,the heaving motion of the buoy is converted into unidirectional rotational motion to drive the generator rotation through a gear rack mechanism with unidirectional bearings,acting as the other input of the differential gear train.The planetary carrier of the differential gear train serves as the output and is directly connected to the generator rotor,driving the generator to rotate in one direction.Ultimately,the kinetic energy of the buoy′s pitching and heaving motions is transformed into electrical energy.The dynamic equations of the pendulum ball generator,the float body generator,and the coupled pitch-heave motion in the buoy power generation device are established separately.Numerical simulations are conducted to study the dynamic response and power generation of the device under different wave periods and amplitudes.The results show that when the wave amplitude is 1 m,the average power generation of the buoy reaches its maximum at a wave period of 2.3 s.As the excitation wave amplitude increases,the vibration responses of the buoy′s pitching and heaving motions become more pronounced,and the power generation gradually increases.When the wave amplitude reaches 1.1 m,the generated power can reach 525.7 W.Additionally,when the wav

关 键 词：海洋浮标 差动轮系 波浪能发电 垂荡-纵摇耦合 水动力特性 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论] P743[天文地球—海洋科学]