河北省奶牛淘汰原因分析与建议  

Analysis and Suggestions on the Reasons for Culling Cows due to Disease in Hebei Province

作　　者：杨青[1] 朱云迪 刘晓旺 姜国均[1] YANG Qing;ZHU Yun-di;LIU Xiao-wang;JIANG Guo-jun(College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000;Hebei Provincial Animal Husbandry Station,Shijiazhuang 050000)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物医学院,保定071000 [2]河北省畜牧总站,石家庄050000

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2025年第3期25-31,共7页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系项目(HBCT2024230201)。

摘　　要：为探究奶牛淘汰的原因,提出针对性解决方案,以提高牛场生产效益。收集了河北省72家奶牛场2022年10月至2023年11月的116 289头奶牛生产记录资料,其中淘汰的奶牛12 367头。采用Excel和SPSS软件,以其中两个奶牛场为典型,统计分析不同淘汰原因与月龄、泌乳天数及胎次的关系。结果发现河北省奶牛淘汰的原因为低产,乳房类、繁殖类、消化类、肢蹄类、呼吸类疾病,及其他原因,其比例分别为33.4%、15.0%、14.9%、11.3%、10.9%、5.1%、9.4%。分析表明,各种原因不同程度影响了河北省的奶牛淘汰决策,其中低产、乳房类和繁殖类疾病是淘汰的主要原因。根据奶牛淘汰原因,本文为牛场提出了一系列针对性建议,供奶牛场饲养管理人员参考。To investigate the reasons for the culling of dairy cows due to diseases,propose targeted solutions,and improve the production efficiency of dairy farms,this study collected production records of 116,289 dairy cows from 72 dairy farms in Hebei Province from October 2022 to November 2023,among which 12,367 cows were culled due to diseases.Using Excel and SPSS software,with two dairy farms as typical cases,the study statistically analyzed the relationship between different culling reasons and factors such as age,lactation days,and parity.The results revealed that the main reasons for culling in Hebei Province were low-yield diseases,mammary gland diseases,reproductive diseases,digestive diseases,limb and hoof diseases,other reasons,and respiratory diseases,with proportions of 33.4%,15.0%,14.9%,11.3%,10.9%,9.4%,and 5.1%,respectively.The analysis indicated that various diseases influenced the culling decisions in Hebei Province to varying degrees,with low-yield diseases,mammary gland diseases,and reproductive diseases being the primary reasons for culling.Based on the culling reasons,a series of targeted recommendations were proposed for dairy farm management,providing reference for dairy farm operators.

关 键 词：奶牛 淘汰原因 胎次 年龄 泌乳天数 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]