典型含能共晶材料的研究进展  

Research Progress on Typical Energetic Co-crystal Materials

作　　者：王瑞钧 董振 叶志文[1] WANG Ruijun;DONG Zhen;YE Zhiwen(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Jiangsu Nanjing,210094)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《爆破器材》2025年第2期1-13,共13页Explosive Materials

摘　　要：含能材料的能量和感度是一对天然共生的矛盾体,一般可以应用共晶技术实现能量与安全性的平衡。综述了含能共晶材料的研究进展,重点关注了TNT、HMX和CL-20这3种典型含能材料的共晶。首先,介绍了含能共晶的形成机理,包括氢键、π-π堆积作用和卤键等分子间的相互作用;接着,讨论了含能共晶的制备方法、性能表征及分类,涵盖物理化学性能、爆轰性能和安全性能等方面;通过分析含能材料和含能氧化剂共晶、两组分含能材料共晶及多组分含能共晶的研究进展,总结了当前含能共晶材料发展中面临的主要问题;最后,提出了扩展含能共晶研究的策略,包括改进制备工艺、扩大含能共晶组分的选择范围、开发更多含能共晶单晶、设计更复杂的多组分含能共晶以及结合人工智能等。The energy and sensitivity of energetic materials are a natural symbiotic contradiction.Co-crystal technology can generally be applied to achieve a balance between energy and safety.The research progress of energetic co-crystal materials was reviewed,with a focus on three typical energetic materials:TNT,HMX,and CL-20.Firstly,the formation mechanisms of energetic co-crystals were introduced,including intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding,π-πstacking,and halogen bonding.Subsequently,the preparation methods,performance characterization,and classification of energetic co-crystals were discussed,covering aspects such as physical and chemical properties,detonation perfor-mance,and safety performance.By analyzing the research progress of energetic materials and energetic oxidizer co-crystals,two-component energetic co-crystals,and multi-component energetic co-crystals,the main challenges faced in the development of energetic co-crystal materials were summarized.Finally,strategies for expanding the research on energetic co-crystals were proposed,including improving preparation processes,expanding the selection range of components for energetic co-crystals,developing more single crystals of energetic co-crystals,designing more complex multi-component energetic co-crystals,and integrating artificial intelligence.

关 键 词：含能材料 共晶 共晶制备 性能表征 含能共晶分类 

分 类 号：TQ560[化学工程—炸药化工] TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]