迈向规范性的共同体研究——中华民族法治构建初论  

Towards a Normative Study of Community:An Initial Discussion on the Rule of Law in the Construction of the Chinese Nation

作　　者：邵六益 SHAO Liu-yi(Minzu University of China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院

出　　处：《中华民族共同体研究》2024年第6期50-71,M0005,共23页Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“促进民族团结进步法制保障研究”(24AZD071);司法部省部级课题“民族地区复合型法治人才培养研究”(22SFB5006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前关于中华民族的研究多集中在民族学、历史学等领域,两者均归属于描述性研究而缺乏足够的规范性。对中华民族的政治法律研究,能够提供中华民族作为“民族实体”的正当性论证,具有无可替代的意义。描述性的共同体研究,更多呈现中华民族的自在性;规范性的共同体研究,才凸现中华民族的自觉性。民族法学曾经作为独立学科,是民族研究和法学研究的重要组成部分,但相关教学科研存在历史局限。在铸牢中华民族共同体意识的主线要求下,有必要转向中华民族的法治构建研究,这既是民族法学转型的必经之路,也是坚持和完善民族区域自治制度的必然要求:一方面要求我们关注中国的大一统政治传统,以及由此形成的国家整体性的文化,理解为什么中华民族整体性是核心价值;另一方面要求我们采取政法的视角,全面而准确地理解铸牢中华民族共同体意识的法治资源。Current research on the Chinese nation tends to focus on fields such as ethnology and history, both of which are descriptive studies lacking sufficient normative focus. Political and legal research on the Chinese nation can provide a legitimate argument for the Chinese nation as an “national entity,” which holds irreplaceable significance. Ethnic law was once an independent discipline and an important part of both ethnic studies and legal studies. However, there are two major limitations in related teaching and research: firstly, an overly narrow understanding of ethnic rule of law, where the “Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy” is treated as the core and primary normative source, making it difficult to understand ethnic rule of law within the broader socialist legal system;secondly, a continuation of formalistic legal thought, with an emphasis on judicial measures and an over-focus on individual rights, which limits attention to the protection of special rights for ethnic minorities while giving less attention to the overall national interest. Under the main requirement of fostering the awareness of the community for the Chinese nation, it is necessary to shift towards research on the rule of law in the construction of the Chinese nation. This is both an inevitable path for the transformation of ethnic law and a necessary requirement for upholding and improving the system of regional ethnic autonomy. On one hand, it calls for attention to China's unified political tradition and the nationalism culture formed as a result, understanding why the integrity of the Chinese nation is a core value. On the other hand, it demands a perspective from political and legal theory, to comprehensively and accurately understand the legal resources for strengthening the awareness of the Chinese national community.

关 键 词：共同体学 中华民族 法治构建 政法法学 “两个结合” 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]