艾尔米塔什博物馆藏黑水城佛顶尊胜曼荼罗木板画题写经咒考  

Textual Research on the Tangut Dharani Written on the Xylographs of Usnisavijaya Mandalas from Khara-Khoto in the Hermitage Museum

作　　者：王荣飞 WANG Rongfei(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2025年第1期60-69,共10页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：俄罗斯艾尔米塔什博物馆东方部的科兹洛夫藏品中有两件黑水城出土的佛顶尊胜曼荼罗木板画。现有研究几乎全部围绕绘画内容开展,但对布满板面的西夏文经咒的研究却极为缺乏。这首咒语确切来说应名为《顶尊总持》,是佛教著名密咒《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼》在西夏时代的新译本,不同于传统汉、藏文本。这首咒语在形式上是“尊胜心咒”与“尊胜咒”的合编,而使其成为西夏传本独有的特色。两幅木板画将“书写”与“坛法”这两种密咒使用方法合而为一,使西夏文《顶尊总持》不仅是供修行者念诵的陀罗尼,而且更具有了加持木板画的功用。The Kozlov Collection in the Oriental Department of the Hermitage Museum in Russia contains two xylographs of Usnisavijaya Mandalas unearthed at Khara-Khoto.Current research on the artifacts of Khara-Khoto has been focused almost exclusively on the contents of the paintings,while less research has been done on the Tangut dharani covering many wood panels.By identifying these characters,it can be determined that the contents of these Tangut texts are a new version of the famous Buddhist scripture Usnisaujaya-dharani which was translated into Tangut in the Western Xia period.Furthermore,the contents are different from the traditional Chinese and Tibetan versions in that this version appears to be a unique combination of the concepts“Usnisauijaya-citta-dharani"and"Usnisaujaya-dharani",The two xylographs in the Mandala unite the pictorial and scriptural elements of the dharani into a whole,in such a way that the Tangut version of the Usnisauijaya-dharani served as both a mantra to be recited by practitioners and also empowered the function of the xylographs.

关 键 词：西夏 黑水城 顶尊总持 佛顶尊胜曼荼罗木板画 

分 类 号：J227[艺术—美术] H211.7[语言文字—少数民族语言]