2016-2023年贵州省诺如病毒肠炎流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of enteritis due to norovirus in Guizhou Province,2016-2023

作　　者：杨培师 杨敬源[1] 黄荷[2] 余春[2] 姚光海 Yang Peishi;Yang Jingyuan;Huang He;Yu Chun;Yao Guanghai(School of Public Health,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 561113,China;Institute of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵阳561113 [2]贵州省疾病预防控制中心传染病防治研究所,贵阳550004

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2025年第3期423-429,共7页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

摘　　要：目的了解2016-2023年贵州省诺如病毒肠炎的发病水平和流行特征,为诺如病毒肠炎防控提供参考。方法资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统,收集2016-2023年贵州省其他感染性腹泻卡片备注为诺如病毒肠炎者和贵州省食源性疾病监测哨点报告诺如病毒检测阳性者的资料,聚集性/暴发疫情数据来源于突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统和各级CDC现场调查报告。采用描述性流行病学方法描述其三间分布、疫情和病原谱等特征。运用R 4.2.2软件进行统计学分析。结果2016-2023年贵州省共报告诺如病毒肠炎病例2340例,年均报告发病率为0.79/10万,年报告发病率总体呈上升趋势(趋势χ^(2)=1723.80,P<0.001)。高发季节为10月至次年3月(冬、春季)。病例的男女性别比为1.39∶1(1362∶978),以<5岁年龄组(1382例,59.06%)和散居儿童(1249例,53.38%)为主。贵州省有6个市(州)的年均报告发病率(黔东南苗族侗族自治州为1.15/10万、贵阳市为1.08/10万、六盘水市为1.07/10万、黔西南布依族苗族自治州为1.06/10万、黔南布依族苗族自治州为0.91/10万、铜仁市为0.89/10万)高于贵州省全省水平,病例波及范围由东南部县(市、区)逐渐向西部和北部县(市、区)扩散。城镇年均报告发病率(1.12/10万)高于乡村(0.39/10万)。共报告31起诺如病毒肠炎聚集性/暴发疫情,83.87%(26/31)发生在幼托机构和中小学;74.19%(23/31)为人传人传播。2340例病例中,实验室诊断病例2147例(91.75%),临床诊断病例193例(8.25%)。在实验室诊断病例中,单一诺如病毒感染2026例(94.36%),混合感染121例(5.64%)。结论2016-2023年贵州省诺如病毒肠炎总体上发病呈上升趋势,冬、春季为高发季节,应针对重点人群、重点地区和重点场所,采取有效防控措施,加强多渠道多病原监测及健康教育工作。Objective To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of enteritis due to norovirus infection in Guizhou Province from 2016 to 2023,and provide reference for the prevention and control of enteritis caused by norovirus.Methods The data were from National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.To collect the data of other infectious diarrhea cards in Guizhou from 2016 to 2023,which were annotated as enteritis due to norovirus and food-borne disease surveillance sentinel report in Guizhou,which were positive for norovirus detection.The data of cluster/outbreaks were from the Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System and the field investigation reports of CDC at all levels.Descriptive epidemiological method was used to describe the characteristics of its three-dimension distribution,epidemic situation and pathogen spectrum.R 4.2.2 software was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 2340 cases of enteritis due to norovirus were reported in Guizhou Province during this period,with an average annual reported incidence of 0.79/100000,and the incidence showed an upward trend(trendχ^(2)=1723.80,P<0.001).The high incidence season is from October to March(winter and spring).The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.39∶1(1362∶978).A total 1382 cases occurred in age group under 5 years old(59.06%)and 1249 cases occurred in children living scatteredly(53.38%).The average annual reported incidence in 6 prefectures(muniipality)(1.15/100000 in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,1.08/100000 in Guiyang,1.07/100000 in Liupanshui,1.06/100000 in Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,0.91/100000 in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and 0.89/100000 in Tongren)in Guizhou Province was higher than provincial level,and the affected areas gradually expanded from southeastern counties(districts)to western and northern counties(districts).The average annual reported incidence rate was higher in urban

关 键 词：诺如病毒 肠炎 流行特征 发病率 

分 类 号：S85[农业科学—兽医学]