大叶滇黄精种子一年成苗技术与温水浸种促萌机制研究  

One-year seedling cultivation technology and seed germination-promoting mechanism by warm water soaking of Polygonatum kingianum var.grandifolium

作　　者：符可 周建青 范志伟 杨美森 程亚群 诸燕[1] 石艳 斯金平[1] 陈东红 FU Ke;ZHOU Jian-qing;FAN Zhi-wei;YANG Mei-sen;CHENG Ya-qun;ZHU Yan;SHI Yan;SI Jin-ping;CHEN Dong-hong(National Innovation Alliance of Huangjing Industry,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Ecological Forestry Development Center of Jingning She Autonomous County,Lishui 323500,China;Guizhou Botanical Garden,Guiyang 550004,China;Xiushan Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Center,Chongqing 409000,China;Chongqing Hexin Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 409000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室黄精产业国家创新联盟,浙江杭州311300 [2]景宁畲族自治县生态林业发展中心,浙江丽水323500 [3]贵州植物园,贵州贵阳550004 [4]秀山县中药材产业中心,重庆409000 [5]重庆市合信农业科技有限公司,重庆409000

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2025年第4期1022-1030,共9页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02074);科技对口支援和东西部协作项目(2022C04035)。

摘　　要：黄精是一种解决显性饥饿与隐性饥饿潜力巨大的作物,优质种苗供应是制约黄精产业发展的主要因素。温水浸种在农业中经常用来促进种子快速萌发,但其在黄精中的应用和分子机制研究未有报道。为快速获得高质量黄精种苗,该研究以大叶滇黄精Polygonatum kingianum var.grandifolium种子为实验材料,通过低温层积、温水浸种、培养温度梯度等24个处理,结果表明:大叶滇黄精种子在25℃直接培养或4℃低温层积2个月均能快速打破除休眠,在20℃直接培养或4℃低温层积1个月均不能打破休眠;60℃温水浸种能进一步提高发芽率、发芽势与发芽指数。其中,种子在60℃浸种、25℃培养条件下无须低温层积处理(Aa25),第42天种子发芽率达到78.67%±1.53%,第77天时达到83.40%±4.63%;种子经过4℃低温层积2个月、60℃浸种预处理,置于25℃下培养,第77天发芽率与Aa25相当。转录组数据分析显示,温水浸种促萌可能与触发活性氧(ROS)、诱导热休克因子(HSF)和热休克蛋白(HSP)表达,从而推动DNA复制、转录本成熟、翻译与加工等遗传物质积累和周转加速有关。基于室内控制实验和大田设施实践,保证催芽与育苗场所维持在25℃左右是大叶滇黄精一年成苗的关键。Polygonati Rhizoma demonstrates significant potential for addressing both chronic and hidden hunger.The supply of high-quality seedlings is a primary factor influencing the development of the Polygonati Rhizoma industry.Warm water soaking is often used in agriculture to promote the rapid germination of seeds,while its application and molecular mechanism in Polygonati Rhizoma have not been reported.To rapidly obtain high-quality seedlings,this study treated Polygonatum kingianum var.grandifolium seeds with sand storage at low temperatures,warm water soaking,and cultivation temperature gradients.The results showed that the culture at 25℃or sand storage at 4℃for 2 months rapidly broke the seed dormancy of P.kingianum var.grandifolium,while the culture at 20℃or sand storage at 4℃for 1 month failed to break the seed dormancy.Soaking seeds in 60℃warm water further increased the germination rate,germination potential,and germination index.Specifically,the seeds soaked at 60℃and cultured at 25℃without sand storage treatment(Aa25)achieved a germination rate of 78.67%±1.53%on day 42 and 83.40%±4.63%on day 77.The seeds pretreated with sand storage at 4℃for 2 months,soaked in 60℃water,and then cultured at 25℃achieved a germination rate comparable to that of Aa25 on day 77.Transcriptomic analysis indicated that warm water soaking might promote germination by triggering reactive oxygen species(ROS),inducing the expression of heat shock factors(HSFs)and heat shock proteins(HSPs),which accelerated DNA replication,transcript maturation,translation,and processing,thereby facilitating the accumulation and turnover of genetic materials.According to the results of indoor controlled experiments and field practices,maintaining a germination and seedling cultivation environment at approximately 25℃was crucial for the one-year seedling cultivation of P.kingianum var.grandifolium.

关 键 词：黄精 种子萌发 低温层积 温水浸种 培养温度 一年成苗 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]