转变类型vs.背景状态——状态变化的形义特性探究  

Transition Type vs.Ground State:On the Particular Character of State Change in Form and Meaning

作　　者：倪涛[1,2] 杨朝军 NI Taox;YANG Chaojun

机构地区：[1]安徽艺术职业学院人文学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]河南大学外语学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2024年第6期24-34,145,共12页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

基　　金：安徽省高校科学研究重大项目“类型学视野下的汉语状态变化事件研究”(项目编号:2024AH040323);国家社科基金一般项目“汉语动补结构的宏事件历时语言类型学研究”(项目编号:21BYY045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：根据宏事件的概念结构“,转变类型”和“背景状态”是状态变化的核心要素,与运动的“路径”和“背景”相对应。多语种分析表明,“转变类型”在形式和意义上大都具有隐含性。与之相对,状态变化的“背景状态”不仅在形式上显性存在,还在语义上承载了“转变类型”的相关次类。由此可见,在状态变化的概念结构中,“背景状态”比“转变类型”更为突显。这是因为基于时间的“性状的变化历程”比基于空间的“性状的抽象位移”更贴合状态变化的概念特质。此外,人类对事件的体认方式,以及结果状态焦点化的认知倾向也是促成状态变化这种形式和意义特性的重要因素。According to the conceptual structure of macro-event,"transition type"and"ground state"are the core components of"state change",corresponding to the"path"and"ground"of"motion".However,analyses of different languages show that"transition type"of state change is largely implicit both in form and meaning.On the contrary,"ground state"of state change is explicit in form and can semantically imply relevant subcategories of"transition type".Therefore,it is believed that"ground state"is more prominent than"transition type"in the conceptual structure of state change,because time-based"the process of change in property"is more proper than space-based"the abstract motion of property"in decoding the conceptual nature of state change.Besides,human embodied-cognitive mode of event and human cognitive tendency to focus on result state also contribute to the above particular character of state change in form and meaning.

关 键 词：状态变化 转变类型 背景状态 核心图式 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]