中国老年人婚姻家庭状况变动及其社会经济影响  

Study of the Change of Marriage and Family Status of the Elderly in China and its Socio-economic Impact

作　　者：张舒贤 ZHANG Shuxian(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Yunnan University,Kunming Yunnan 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《曲靖师范学院学报》2025年第1期1-11,共11页Journal of Qujing Normal University

基　　金：云南大学研究生科研创新基金项目“云南人口流动促进各民族交往交流交融的机制研究”(KC-23235285)。

摘　　要：不断加剧的人口老龄化和家庭结构转变引发了中国老年人口婚姻类型和家庭状况出现较大变化,厘清老年群体婚姻与家庭变动状况,对积极应对人口老龄化具有十分重要的作用。利用2000年至2020年3次全国人口普查数据,分析老年人婚姻类型与家庭状况变动,发现:总体上老年人各类型婚姻人数和有老年人的家庭户数量在不断增加。从婚姻构成看,老年人口有偶率和离婚率不断提升,丧偶率呈不断下降趋势。家庭结构方面,有1个60岁及以上老人的家庭户占比呈下降趋势,超过1个60岁及以上老人的家庭户比重不断上升。因老年人婚姻家庭对其身心健康、社会稳定和家庭养老等方面产生较大影响,为此,应重点关注老年人婚姻状态变动,丰富和改善老年群体日常生活,积极提高老年人婚姻质量,营造健康友好的老龄社会。The increasing aging of the population and the transformation of family structure has led to great changes in the marriage types and family conditions of the elderly population in China.Clarifying the changes in the marriage and family conditions of the elderly group has a very important role in actively and successfully coping with the aging population.Based on the data of three national population censuses from 2000 to 2020,the paper analyzes the changes of marriage types and family status of the elderly,and finds that on the whole,the number of marriages of the elderly and the number of households with elderly people are increasing and that from the perspective of marriage composition,the number of spouses and divorce rate of the elderly population are increasing,and the widowhood rate is decreasing.In terms of family structure,the proportion of households with one person aged 60 or above is decreasing,while the proportion of households with more than one person aged 60 or above is increasing.Because the marriage and family of the elderly have a great impact on their physical and mental health,social stability and family care,it is necessary to pay attention to the change of the marital status of the elderly,enrich and improve the daily life of the elderly,actively improve the quality of marriage of the elderly,and build a healthy and friendly aging society.

关 键 词：老年人 婚姻类型 家庭状况 变动趋势 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]