X射线三维尺寸测量机体素模型不确定度评定方法研究  

Research on uncertainty evaluation method of voxel model for X-ray three-dimensional size measurement machine

作　　者：谭浩晨 胡佳成[1] 郭鑫 朱悦 Tan Haochen;Hu Jiacheng;Guo Xin;Zhu Yue(School of Metrology Measurement and Instrument,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Nanjing Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology,Nanjing 210049,China;China Machinery Productivity Promotion Center Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学计量测试与仪器学院,杭州310018 [2]南京市计量监督检测院,南京210049 [3]中机生产力促进中心有限公司,北京100044

出　　处：《电子测量与仪器学报》2025年第1期101-111,共11页Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助“三维复杂结构非接触精密测量与无损检测仪”(2022YFF0706400)项目资助。

摘　　要：为解决X射线三维尺寸测量机发展进程中仪器的成像性能不断提高但计量方法滞后的问题,对其不确定度展开研究,提出了一种基于体素模型的评定方法。首先,从X射线检测原理入手,对X射线三维尺寸测量机尺寸计算过程的原始投影、三维重建、表面测定、点云拟合等数字空间的影响因素进行了分析,建立体素的不确定度模型。其次,基于自研球棒球心距的溯源与测量结果,采用GUM法和蒙特卡洛法对体素模型的各个参量进行不确定度计算,完成了体素模型不确定度的分析。再次,结合传统的不确定度参量,对球心距测量结果的不确定度进行了合成与扩展。最后,通过扩展不确定度的结果应用,验证了测量与评定结果的可靠性与一致性,得到短、长球棒标准器的长度测量结果分别为(32.9477±0.0020)mm与(52.4065±0.0022)mm。结果表明,探索得到的评定方法细化了X射线三维尺寸测量机测量结果的误差来源,拓展了X射线三维尺寸测量机尺寸计量方法的研究方向,为X射线三维尺寸测量机定值过程数据精度的提升提供了计量基础,具有一定的科学价值。In order to solve the problem that the imaging performance of the instrument was continuously improved but the measurement method was lagging behind in the development process of X-ray three-dimensional size measuring machine,the uncertainty was studied,and an evaluation method based on voxel model was proposed.Firstly,starting from the principle of X-ray detection,the influencing factors of digital space such as original projection,three-dimensional reconstruction,surface measurement and point cloud fitting in the size calculation process of X-ray three-dimensional size measuring machine were analyzed,and the uncertainty model of voxel was established.Secondly,based on the traceability and measurement results of the center distance of the self-developed ball bar,the uncertainty of each parameter of the voxel model was calculated by GUM method and Monte Carlo method,and the uncertainty of the voxel model was analyzed.Thirdly,combined with the traditional uncertainty parameters,the uncertainty of the measurement results of the spherical center distance was synthesized and expanded.Finally,the reliability and consistency of the measurement and evaluation results are verified by the application of the results of the extended uncertainty.The length measurement results of the short and long ball bar standard were(32.9477±0.0020)mm and(52.4065±0.0022)mm,respectively.The results showed that the evaluation method obtained by the exploration refines the error source of the measurement results of the X-ray three-dimensional size measuring machine,expanded the research direction of the size measurement method of the X-ray three-dimensional size measuring machine,and provided a measurement basis for the improvement of the data accuracy of the X-ray three-dimensional size measuring machine,which had certain scientific value.

关 键 词：体素模型 X射线三维尺寸测量机 量值传递与溯源 不确定度 蒙特卡洛 

分 类 号：TB921[一般工业技术—计量学] TN06[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器]