医学与社会之间:19世纪英国传染与反传染派之争、实质及影响  

Between Medicine and Society:The Debate,Essence,and Influence of Contagionist and Anti-contagionist in the 19th Century Britain

作　　者：元鹏成 王雪松[2] YUAN Peng-cheng;WANG Xue-song(School of Social History,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;School of History,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福州350117 [2]安徽大学历史学院,合肥230039

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2025年第2期86-92,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“近代英国海港口岸卫生检疫演进研究(1709-1896)”(24CSS024)。

摘　　要：19世纪英国传染与反传染派之间围绕流行病传染、环境卫生和隔离检疫有效性等问题展开激烈辩论。到19世纪中叶,主张通过改善环境来预防疾病的反传染派的观点获得较大支持,为旨在预防疾病的社会行动提供了依据。尽管如此,传染论并未消失。到19世纪中后期,随着传染论和细菌理论的最终崛起,反传染论逐渐开始衰落。对疾病的生物学、病理学和流行病学的详细知识被视为卫生行动的基础,公共卫生理念也因此变得更加科学和完善。In the 19th century,there were heated debates between the contagionists and the anti-contagionists in Britain centred on the spread of epidemics,environmental health,and the effectiveness of isolation and quarantine.By the mid-19th century,the views of anti-contagionists,which advocated for environmental improvement as a means to prevent disease,gained significant support and provided a rationale for the social actions aimed at disease prevention.Nevertheless,contagionism has not disappeared.By the mid to late 19th century,with the ultimate rise of contagionism and germ theory,anti-contagionism entered a period of gradual decline.Detailed knowledge of the biology,pathology,and epidemiology of diseases was seen as the basis for health action,making public health more scientific and comprehensive.

关 键 词：传染论 反传染论 隔离检疫 公共卫生 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]