精神障碍的多元自然主义解释方案  

Pluralistic Naturalistic Explanatory Schemes for Mental Disorders

作　　者：汪敏 张效初 何晓松 WANG Min;ZHANG Xiao-chu;HE Xiao-song(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Division of Life Sciences and Medicine,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学人文与社会科学学院,合肥230026 [2]中国科学技术大学生命科学与医学部,合肥230027

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2025年第2期108-114,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：中国科学院青年人才项目(USTC-BR-2022-08)。

摘　　要：在精神障碍的规范性议题上,存在科学自然主义与规范主义的对立。两者分歧的根本在于科学自然主义借由否定或还原的方式完全拒斥规范性。在自然主义内部的另一种主张多元自然主义认可科学多样性,试图协调自然与规范之间的平衡。文章在澄清自然主义关于规范性不同主张的基础上,重点讨论多元自然主义如何启示精神障碍诊断中的规范性议题。通过区分精神障碍术语不同使用语境表明,当规范性不再是疾病概念的充分条件,而只是介入其他解释作用时,多元自然主义也就突破了自然主义的固有局限,提供解释精神障碍的最佳路径。On the normative issues of mental disorders,there exists the fundamental opposition between scientific naturalism and normativism.The crux of their divergence lies in the fact that scientific naturalism completely rejects normativity through denial or reduction.Pluralistic naturalism,another position within the framework of naturalism,acknowledges the diversity in science and attempts to balance the natural with the normative.Building on the clari⁃fication of different assertions about normativity within naturalism,this paper primarily discusses how pluralistic nat⁃uralism can shed light on normative issues in the diagnosis of mental disorders.By distinguishing the different con⁃texts in which the terminology of mental disorders is used,this analysis demonstrates that when normativity is no longer a sufficient condition of the concept of disease,but rather intervenes in other explanatory functions,pluralis⁃tic naturalism transcends the inherent limitations of naturalism and provides the optimal way to explain mental disor⁃ders.

关 键 词：自然主义 规范主义 多元自然主义 精神障碍 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]