二维碳基材料在锂硫电池中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Two-dimensional Carbon-based Material in Lithium-Sulfur Battery

作　　者：徐婉琳 冯腾锐 吴琪 夏杰桢 曹蓉 XU Wanlin;FENG Tengrui;WU Qi;XIA Jiezhen;CAO Rong(School of Science,Xizang University,Lhasa 850000,China;Institute of Oxygen Supply,Center of Tibetan Studies(Everest Research Institute),Xizang University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学理学院,拉萨850000 [2]西藏大学供氧研究院,珠峰研究院,拉萨850000

出　　处：《材料导报》2025年第7期17-26,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(22168036);西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202201YD0020C);西藏自治区自然科学基金重点项目(XZ202301ZR0026G)。

摘　　要：锂硫电池(Li-S电池)因其高能量密度和高比容量等优势被公认为是极具前景的先进储能系统之一。但Li-S电池由于复杂的电化学反应机制,仍存在许多未被解决的难题,例如穿梭效应、过高的电化学能垒、硫的低导电性以及硫阴极体积变化等。这些问题导致锂硫电池的实际库仑效率低下、真实容量不能达到理论预期、循环稳定性难以满足使用需求,使得锂硫电池至今未能商业化。而设计合理的电池正极材料,优化功能性隔膜是较为可行的途径。二维碳基材料具有丰富的物理、化学以及电化学性质,具备非常高的可调控性。得益于这些优势,二维碳基材料在锂硫电池中逐渐得到广泛应用。本文综述了包括石墨烯、二维缺陷碳基材料、非金属掺杂碳基材料、金属掺杂碳基材料、非金属碳化物和金属碳化物等多种二维碳基材料在锂硫电池中的研究进展和性能表现,总结了目前仍然存在的一些问题,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。Lithium-sulfur batteries(Li-S batteries)are regarded as one of the most promising modern energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density and specific capacity.However,their commercial application still faces huge challenges,such as fast capacity decay,poor cycle stability and short lifetime,originating from the shuttle effect,high electrochemical energy barrier,low conductivity of sulfur species,and volume change of sulfur cathode.Optimizing functional separators and designing appropriate positive electrode materials for batteries is a feasible approach.Two-dimensional(2D)carbon-based materials are now widely used in Li-S batteries as sulfur host materials,since they are highly controllable and have a wide range of physical,chemical,and electrochemical characteristics.This paper reviews the research progress of 2D carbon-based materials in Li-S batteries,including graphene,2D defective carbon-based materials,non-metallic doped carbon-based materials,metal-doped carbon-based materials,non-metallic carbides and metal carbides,and their corresponding catalytic performance.Finally,we highlight a few issues that still require addressing and forecast the future development in the application of Li-S batteries.

关 键 词：锂硫电池 二维碳基材料 穿梭效应 导电性 改性 

分 类 号：O4-1[理学—物理]