硝酸盐催化还原合成氨研究进展  

Recent Advances in Catalytic Nitrate Reduction for Ammonia Synthesis

作　　者：苏友义 张明 陶雯艳 杨萍萍 郭星辰 邓徐 谢佳乐 SU Youyi;ZHANG Ming;TAO Wenyan;YANG Pingping;GUO Xingchen;DENG Xu;XIE Jiale(School of New Energy and Materials,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Tongwei Solar Company,Chengdu 610299,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学新能源与材料学院,成都610500 [2]西南石油大学化学化工学院,成都610500 [3]通威太阳能(成都)有限公司,成都610299

出　　处：《材料导报》2025年第7期27-38,共12页Materials Reports

基　　金：2022年度四川省产教融合示范项目(川财教[2022]106号);四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC1272);西南石油大学启航计划项目(2021QHZ018)。

摘　　要：氨是重要的化工原料和能源载体。传统的哈伯法制氨工艺需要高温高压条件,消耗大量能源且排放大量二氧化碳。近年来,利用常温常压催化技术将硝酸盐还原合成氨成为可持续合成氨的研究热点。本文首先概述了硝酸盐催化还原合成氨的反应机理,然后深入分析了光/电催化硝酸盐还原合成氨的研究进展。在电催化硝酸盐还原合成氨方面,重点讨论了催化剂改性方法及其在电催化还原硝酸盐过程中增强产氨性能的原因。接着,详细探讨了设计光电催化剂的策略,包括元素掺杂、异质结构建和缺陷工程,以提高催化效率和选择性。最后,总结了硝酸盐催化还原合成氨领域面临的挑战,例如提高反应动力学和改进催化剂稳定性,并展望了未来的发展方向。硝酸盐催化还原合成氨技术有望为氨的生产带来革命性变革,减少对传统高能耗工艺的依赖,降低环境负担,为可持续发展贡献力量。Ammonia is a crucial chemical feedstock and energy carrier.However,the conventional Haber-Bosch method for ammonia synthesis requires high temperature and high pressure,leading to significant energy consumption and substantial carbon dioxide emissions.In recent years,the research focus has shifted towards the sustainable synthesis of ammonia using catalytic technologies under ambient conditions,particularly the nitrate reduction to ammonia.This review provides an overview of the reaction pathways and mechanisms involved in catalytic nitrate reduction for ammonia synthesis.Then the recent advances in catalytic nitrate reduction for ammonia synthesis are analyzed in depth from the two aspects of electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis.In the field of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction,the focus is on catalyst modification methods and the reasons for enhanced ammonia production performance during the nitrate reduction processes.Subsequently the strategies for designing photoelectrocatalysts for nitrate reduction for ammonia synthesis are thoroughly analyzed,including element doping,heterojunction construction,and defect engineering,aiming at enhancing catalytic efficiency and selectivity.This review finally summarizes the current challenges in catalytic nitrate reduction for ammonia synthesis,such as improving the reaction kinetics and enhancing catalyst stability,and discusses future prospects for the development of this technology.Catalytic nitrate reduction for ammonia synthesis holds promise for revolutionary changes in ammonia production,reducing reliance on conventional energy-intensive processes and mitigating environmental burdens,thereby contributing to sustainable development efforts.

关 键 词：合成氨 硝酸盐 电催化 催化剂 反应机理 

分 类 号：O64[理学—物理化学]