聚合物材料正热膨胀调控研究进展  

Progress on Positive Thermal Expansion Control of Polymer Materials

作　　者：吴焱 乔英杰[1] 白成英 王晓东 张晓红[1] WU Yan;QIAO Yingjie;BAI Chengying;WANG Xiaodong;ZHANG Xiaohong(School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学材料科学与化学工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《材料导报》2025年第7期270-280,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2341237;52203084)。

摘　　要：热膨胀是材料在温度升高时几何尺寸增大,温度降低时几何尺寸减小的现象。目前,国内外的研究重心多聚焦于零膨胀和负膨胀材料,相比之下,对正膨胀材料的研究则显得较为稀缺。在金属材料、陶瓷材料、聚合物材料和复合材料中,聚合物材料拥有最高的热膨胀能力,其中常用的聚合物以尼龙-66(PA-66)线膨胀系数最高,在25~85℃时为162.3×10^(-6)K^(-1)。在柔性传感器和软机器人等领域要求材料有更高的热膨胀能力甚至对材料热膨胀能力进行调控,热膨胀能力不适配的多种材料一起使用会造成材料表面产生裂纹或者界面剥落等缺陷,从而限制材料的应用。近年来,对提高聚合物材料热膨胀能力的研究方法大致可以分为基体优化、分子设计和结构设计三种方式。本文综述了近年来正膨胀聚合物材料的研究进展,重点介绍了分子设计和结构设计两种方法,并指出这两种方法均显著提升了材料的线膨胀系数,为后期对尺寸变化随温度变化呈线性关系的高热膨胀能力聚合物材料的研究提供文献支撑。Thermal expansion is the phenomenon where the geometric dimensions of a material increase as the temperature rises,and decrease as the temperature decreases.At present,the research focus at home and abroad is mostly on zero expansion and negative expansion materials,while research on positive expansion materials appears to be relatively scarce.Among metal materials,ceramic materials,polymer materials,and composite materials,polymer materials have the highest thermal expansion capacity.Among commonly used polymers,nylon 66(PA-66)has the highest linear expansion coefficient,which is 162.3×10-6 K-1 at 25—85℃.In the fields of flexible sensors and soft robots,materials are required to have higher thermal expansion capabilities and even control their thermal expansion capabilities.The use of multiple materials with mismatched thermal expansion capabilities can cause defects such as surface cracks or interface peeling,thereby limiting the application of materials.In recent years,research methods for improving the thermal expansion capacity of polymer materials can be roughly divided into three types:matrix optimization,molecular design,and structural design.This article reviews the research progress of positively expanding polymer materials in recent years,with a focus on two methods:molecular design and structural design,and it is pointed out that both methods significantly improve the linear expansion coefficient of the material.This provides literature support for the later research on high thermal expansion polymer materials with linear relationship between size change and temperature change.

关 键 词：聚合物 热膨胀 分子设计 结构设计 正热膨胀调控 

分 类 号：TQ317.9[化学工程—高聚物工业]