单细胞测序技术在人胚胎免疫系统发育中的应用进展  

Advances in Single-Cell Sequencing Technology in Human Embryo Immune System Development

作　　者：何帅 贝锦新[1] HE Shuai;BEI Jinxin(State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center,Guangzhou 510060,China)

机构地区：[1]华南恶性肿瘤防治全国重点实验室,广东省恶性肿瘤临床医学研究中心,中山大学肿瘤防治中心,广州510060

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2025年第3期496-511,共16页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(批准号:82103329)资助的课题。

摘　　要：免疫系统发育在胚胎发育早期便已启动,涵盖了免疫细胞的生成、播散、分化和成熟等关键过程。这些过程不仅对胚胎组织的正常发育至关重要,还为新生儿出生后的免疫防御能力奠定了基础。然而,由于组织细胞的复杂性,以往基于组织块的研究方法难以充分揭示胚胎免疫系统分化发育的精细过程。单细胞测序作为一种高通量单细胞分析技术,显著提升了对细胞、组织和器官复杂性的理解。该技术的发展为研究人胚胎免疫系统的发育提供了强大支持,使研究者能够在单细胞水平上解析免疫细胞的多样性、动态变化及发育轨迹,从而为探索胚胎期免疫细胞的组织分布、发育路径、谱系关系和功能特性提供了全新视角。此外,单细胞测序技术在研究免疫细胞与微环境相互作用方面也展现了重要价值,揭示了免疫系统发育异常对胚胎发育的关键影响。该文综述了单细胞测序技术在人胚胎免疫系统发育研究中的最新进展,包括关键技术方法、重要发现及其在临床应用中的潜力。通过对这些前沿研究进行总结,期望为全面理解胚胎免疫系统的复杂性和多样性提供有价值的参考,为免疫系统疾病研究和治疗策略带来新的启发。The development of immune system begins early during embryonic life,encompassing essential processes such as the generation,dispersion,differentiation,and maturation of immune cells.These processes are crucial not only for the development of embryonic tissues but also for establishing the foundation of immune defense mechanisms in newborns.However,due to the complexity of tissue cells,traditional methods based on tissue block have struggled to fully reveal the intricate processes of immune system differentiation and development in embryos.Single-cell sequencing,a high-throughput technique for single-cell analysis,has significantly enhanced the understanding of the cellular complexity within tissues and organs.This technology has provided powerful support for studying the development of the human embryonic immune system,enabling researchers to analyze the diversity,dynamic changes,and developmental trajectories of immune cells at the single-cell level.This approach offers new perspectives for investigating the tissue distribution,developmental pathways,lineage relationships,and functional characteristics of immune cells during embryogenesis.Moreover,single-cell sequencing has proven to be valuable for studying the interactions between immune cells and their microenvironment,highlighting the critical impact of immune system developmental abnormalities on embryo development.This review aims to summarize the latest progress in the application of single-cell sequencing technology in human embryonic immune system,including key technical methods,major discoveries,and its potential clinical applications.By consolidating these cutting-edge studies,it is expected to provide valuable insights for a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and diversity of the embryonic immune system,offering new inspiration for immune system disease research and therapeutic strategies.

关 键 词：单细胞测序 胚胎免疫系统 免疫细胞 相互作用 分化发育 微环境 

分 类 号：S85[农业科学—兽医学]