多工况下固体氧化物燃料电池短堆变载特性研究  

Study on variable load characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell stack under multiple operating conditions

作　　者：马秦慧 陈钢 范光涛 罗书德 於震跃 朱波 徐心海 MA Qinhui;CHEN Gang;FAN Guangtao;LUO Shude;YU Zhenyue;ZHU Bo;XU Xinhai(Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited,Hangzhou 311100,China;Harbin Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering&Automation,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州311100 [2]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)机电工程与自动化学院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《热力发电》2025年第3期12-21,共10页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2023A1515012079);深圳市发改委工程研究中心项目(XMHT20220103004)。

摘　　要：固体氧化物燃料电池(solidoxidefuelcell,SOFC)是一种前景广阔的能量转化装置,具有清洁无污染、能量利用率高、燃料选择多样等优点,但SOFC常需要在变载工况下运行,导致其存在使用寿命缩短、性能衰退等问题。研究SOFC的变载特性和其运行条件之间的关系,有助于提升电池输出性能、延长使用寿命及制定合理的控制策略。搭建了100W SOFC短堆测试系统,对多工况下SOFC电堆的变载特性进行了研究。结果表明:升高工作温度能够减小电堆的欧姆阻抗和总极化阻抗,从而增强电堆的稳态输出性能和动态响应性能;在中高电流段增加氢气流量可以减小浓差极化阻抗,从而有效增强电堆的极限输出性能和动态响应性能;增大空气流量对电堆性能提升较小;恒流量利用率策略下的响应电压处于终值电压±5%内,以恒电压方式变载,响应电流可以平滑地达到稳定值,相较于恒流量策略和恒电流变载方式,在恒流量利用率策略和恒电压变载方式下电堆体现出更良好的动态响应性能。Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)is a promising energy conversion device.It has the advantages of non-pollution,high energy utilization rate,and good fuel adaptability.However,SOFC often needs to be operated under variable load conditions,which leads to the problems of shorten service life and performance degradation.The study of the relationship between the variable load characteristics of SOFC and its operating conditions is helpful to improve the output performance of the stack,extend its service life,and formulate a reasonable control strategy.A 100 W SOFC short stack testing system was developed to experimentally investigate the variable load characteristics of the SOFC stack under multiple operating conditions.The results show that,increasing the operating temperature can reduce the ohmic resistance and total polarization resistance of the fuel cell stack,thereby enhancing the stack’s steady-state output performance and dynamic response performance.Increasing the hydrogen flow rate in the medium to high current range can reduce the concentration polarization resistance,thereby effectively enhancing the stack’s peak output performance and dynamic response performance.Increasing the air flow rate has a smaller effect on the performance improvement of the stack.Under the constant flow utilization strategy,the response voltage immediately falls within the range of±5%of the final voltage.By varying the load with constant voltage,the response current can smoothly reach a stable value.Compared with the constant flow strategy and constant current load variation method,the stack shows better dynamic response performance under the constant flow utilization strategy and constant voltage load variation method.

关 键 词：固体氧化物燃料电池 电堆 变载特性 运行条件 运行策略 

分 类 号：TM9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]