基于生态重要性和生态脆弱性的干旱区生态保护范围分级管理研究  

Dynamic management of ecological conservation scope in arid regions based on ecological importance and vulnerability

作　　者：海洋 龙爱华 王浩[1] 张沛 邓晓雅 HAI Yang;LONG Aihua;WANG Hao;ZHANG Pei;DENG Xiaoya(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Bejing 100038,China;College of Management and Economics,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]天津大学管理与经济学部,天津300072

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报(中英文)》2025年第2期131-145,共15页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52309041,52179028);第三次新疆科考项目(2022xjkk0103)。

摘　　要：植被是干旱内陆河区天然生态的主要组成,天然植被保护和修复是干旱区可持续发展的关键课题。以塔里木河干流为研究区,基于长系列遥感观测及分析数据,构建生态重要性及脆弱性评价指标体系,定量评价研究区天然植被生态重要性和生态脆弱性,在此基础上,遵循以供定需的生态水资源配置原则,按照不同可供水量可覆盖的最优保护及修复范围划分生态保护及修复等级。研究结果表明:塔里木河干流上、中游天然植被呈退化趋势,下游生态有所复苏,人工侵占是天然植被规模减小的主要原因;流域生态非常重要、比较重要、一般重要的面积分别为2402 km~2、3570 km~2、4154 km~2,空间上河道两岸高于河岸远端、上游高于中下游、左岸高于右岸;流域生态非常脆弱、比较脆弱、一般脆弱的面积分别达到14309 km~2、13556 km~2、14059 km~2,空间上下游高于上中游、右岸高于左岸;流域1~4级生态保护范围总面积分别为2967 km~2、5189 km~2、7232 km~2、8129 km~2,1~4级生态修复范围总面积分别为3708 km~2、3726 km~2、5090 km~2、2271 km~2,总体来看,保护和壮大胡杨林种群优先级别最高,草地生态保护及修复次之,最后为稳固和扩大绿洲-荒漠过渡带。本文对塔里木河干流生态保护及修复工程布局和水资源配置具有指导意义,也为区域生态治理提供了思路和借鉴。Vegetation is the primary component of ecosystem in arid inland river basins, which demands efficient conservation for the environmental sustainability in these regions. Taking the Tarim River basin as a case study, this research established a framework for quantitative evaluation of priority level of ecological protection and restoration based on the analysis of ecological importance and vulnerability using long series of remote sensing data. The results show that: The vegetation of the Tarim River exhibits a trend of degradation in the upper and middle reaches, while showing signs of recovery downstream. Human exploitation of land and water resources stands out as the primary driver leading to the reduction in vegetation cover;In terms of ecological importance, the areas classified as extremely important, quite important, and moderately important cover 2402 km~2, 3570 km~2, and 4154 km~2, respectively. Spatially, these areas are mainly distributed in the vicinity of riverbanks, in upstream regions, and on the left bank of the river;As for ecological vulnerability, the areas classified as extremely vulnerable, moderately vulnerable, and slightly vulnerable cover 14 309 km~2, 13 556 km~2, and 14 059 km~2 respectively. Spatially, these areas are predominantly distributed in the downstream regions and on the right bank of the river;The areas prioritized for ecological protection levels 1 to 4 cover 2967 km~2, 5189 km~2, 7232 km~2, and 8129 km~2 respectively, while the areas designated for ecological restoration levels 1 to 4 cover 3708 km~2, 3726 km~2, 5090 km~2, and 2271 km~2 respectively. Overall, the priority for ecological protection and restoration, from being high to low, is the Populus euphratica forest population and other forested areas, followed by grasslands and the oasis-desert transition zones. This paper is instructive for the layout of ecological protection and restoration projects and the water allocation of the Tarim River and similar arid inland river basins.

关 键 词：生态重要性 生态脆弱性 生态保护 生态修复 荒漠河岸林 塔里木河干流 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]